Quality control of plastic scintillators for the total-body J-PET scanner
Ł. Kapłon, E. Beyene, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Das, K. Eliyan, K. Kacprzak, T. Kaplanoglu, G. Korcyl, K. Kubat, D. Kumar, E. Lisowski, F. Lisowski, J. Mędrala-Sowa, G. Moskal, W. Mryka, S. Niedźwiecki, P. Pandey, S. Parzych, E. Pérez del Rio, S. Sharma, M. Skurzok, P. Tanty, K. Tayefi, A. Venadan, E. Stępień and P. Moskal
abstract
The construction of the total-body Jagiellonian positron emission tomography scanner requires component verification before detector assembly. The purpose of this research is to verify the quality of BC-408 plastic scintillators with dimensions 6 mm × 30 mm × 330 mm. The scintillators were inspected for optical and mechanical defects and all dimensions were measured. Scratches, mechanically damaged corners and edges, as well as encapsulated dust and fibers within the scintillators, were identified under ceiling lamp illumination. Line defects on the as-cast surfaces were easily visible in a plane polariscope setup consisting of crossed horizontal and vertical polarizer foils. The transmittance at the wavelength of maximum emission through 6 mm thick scintillator samples and the technical attenuation length along 330 mm long scintillator samples were measured on a linear CCD array spectrometer for randomly selected scintillators from each delivered batch. Selected properties of the emission spectra, such as their FWHM and the values of the emission maxima as a function of the distance between the excitation point and the spectrometer fiber, were measured. Additionally, the scintillators optical homogeneity was measured on a light transfer setup consisting of an LED and photodiode matrix. The majority of the obtained plastic scintillators meets the transparency criteria and falls within the dimensional tolerances.
muPPET: Investigating the Muon Puzzle with J-PET Detectors
A. Porcelli, K. Valsan Eliyan, G. Moskal, N. Nasrin Protiti, D. L. Sirghi, E. Yitayew Beyene, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Das, M. Gorgol, J. Hajduga, S. Jalali, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, T. Kaplanoglu, Ł. Kapłon, K. Kasperska, A. Khreptak, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, D. Kumar, K. Kubat, E. Lisowski, F. Lisowski, J. Mędrala-Sowa, W. Mryka, S. Moyo, S. Niedźwiecki, S. Parzych, P. Pandey, E. Perez del Rio, B. Rachwał, M. Rädler, S. Sharma, M. Skurzok, E. Ł. Stępień, T. Szumlak, P. Tanty, K. Tayefi Ardebili, S. Tiwari, and P. Moskal
abstract
The muPPET [muon Probe with J-PET] project aims to investigate the Muon
Puzzle seen in cosmic ray air showers. This puzzle arises from the observation of a significantly
larger number of muons on Earth's surface than that predicted by the current
theoretical models. The investigated hypothesis is based on recently observed asymmetries
in the parameters for the strong interaction cross-section and trajectory of an outgoing particle
due to projectile-target polarization. The measurements require detailed information
about muons at the ground level, including their track and charge distributions. To achieve
this, the two PET scanners developed at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow (Poland),
the J-PET detectors, will be employed, taking advantage of their well-known resolution
and convenient location for detecting muons that reach long depths in the atmosphere.
One station will be used as a muon tracker, while the second will reconstruct the core of
the air shower. In parallel, the existing hadronic interaction models will be modified and
fine-tuned based on the experimental results. In this work, we present the conceptualization
and preliminary designs of muPPET.
Nonmaximal entanglement of photons from positron-electron annihilation demonstrated using a novel plastic PET scanner
P. Moskal, D. Kumar, S. Sharma, E.Y. Beyene, N. Chug, A. Coussat, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwinski, M. Das, K. Dulski, M. Gorgol, B. Jasinska, K. Kacprzak, T. Kaplanoglu, L. Kaplon, T. Kozik, E. Lisowski, F. Lisowski, W. Mryka, S. Niedzwiecki, S. Parzych, E.P. del Rio, M. Radler, M. Skurzok, E. L. Stepien, P. Tanty, K. Tayefi Ardebili, K. Valsan Eliyan
abstract
In the state-of-the-art Positron Emission Tomography (PET), information about the polarization of annihilation photons is not available. Current PET systems track molecules labeled with positron-emitting radioisotopes by detecting the propagation direction of two photons from positron-electron annihilation. However, annihilation photons carry more information than just the site where they originated. Here we present a novel J-PET scanner built from plastic scintillators, in which annihilation photons interact predominantly via the Compton effect, providing information about photon polarization in addition to information on photon direction of propagation. Theoretically, photons from the decay of positronium in a vacuum are maximally entangled in polarization. However, in matter, when the positron from positronium annihilates with the electron bound to the atom, the question arises whether the photons from such annihilation are maximally entangled. In this work, we determine the distribution of the relative angle between polarization orientations of two photons from positron-electron annihilation in a porous polymer. Contrary to prior results for positron annihilation in aluminum and copper, where the strength of observed correlations is as expected for maximally entangled photons, our results show a significant deviation. We demonstrate that in porous polymer, photon polarization correlation is weaker than for maximally entangled photons but stronger than for separable photons. The data indicate that more than 40% of annihilations in Amberlite resin lead to a non-maximally entangled state. Our result indicates the degree of correlation depends on the annihilation mechanism and the molecular arrangement. We anticipate that the introduced Compton interaction-based PET system opens a promising perspective for exploring polarization correlations in PET as a novel diagnostic indicator.
Development of correction techniques for a J-PET scanner
M. Das, R. Bayerlein, S. Sharma, S. Parzych, S. Niedźwiecki, R. Badawi, E. Yitayew Beyene, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Valsan Eliyan, B. Głowa, A. Hubalewska-Dydejczyk, K. Kacprzak, T. Kaplanoglu, K. Kasperska, G. Korcyl, A. Khreptak, K. Kubat, D. Kumar, E. Lisowski, F. Lisowski, J. Mędrala-Sowa, S. Moyo, W. Mryka, M. Opalińska, P. Pandey, M. Rädler, M. Skurzok, A. Sowa-Staszczak, B. A. Spencer, P. Tanty, K. Tayefi Ardebili, A. Kunimmal Venadan, E. Stępień, P. Moskal
abstract
Objective: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a widely used medical imaging technique that allows for non-invasive imaging of metabolic processes. However, traditional PET scanners rely on costly inorganic scintillators, which limit their accessibility ? especially in light of emerging long axial field-of-view devices. The modular J-PET scanner, an innovative alternative, uses 50-cm long plastic scintillator strips, offering a cost-effective and modular solution. In this study, we develop and assess the PET data correction techniques required for quantitative image reconstruction. Methods: We present methods for attenuation correction, random coincidence correction using the Delayed Time Window (DTW) technique, and scatter correction based on Monte Carlo simulations. Phantom studies using the NEMA IQ phantom were performed to qualitatively evaluate these corrections. Results: The results demonstrate that our implemented corrections for attenuation, randoms, and scattered coincidences successfully improve the uniformity of tracer distribution in homogenous volumes and significantly reduce undesired activity in cold regions. Despite limitations in sensitivity and axial resolution, the applied correction techniques effectively enhance image quality, providing promising results for future applications. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of the modular J-PET system to offer affordable PET imaging and to pave the way towards a total-body PET scanner based on plastic scintillators. Future work will focus on quantitative validation and the implementation of these corrections for human subject imaging.
The potential of Lambda and Xi- studies with PANDA at FAIR
G. Barucca, F. Davi, G. Lancioni, P. Mengucci, L. Montalto, P. P. Natali, N. Paone, D. Rinaldi, L. Scalise, W. Erni, B. Krusche, M. Steinacher, N. Walford, N. Cao, Z. Liu, C. Liu, B. Liu, X. Shen, S. Sun, J. Tao, X. A. Xiong, G. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Albrecht, W. Alkakhi, S. Bökelmann, F. Feldbauer, M. Fink, J. Frech, V. Freudenreich, M. Fritsch, R. Hagdorn, F. H. Heinsius, T. Held, T. Holtmann, I. Keshk, H. Koch, B. Kopf, M. Kuhlmann, M. Kümmel, M. Küßner, J. Li, A. Mustafa, M. Pelizäus, A. Pitka, J. Reher, G. Reicherz, M. Richter, C. Schnier, L. Sohl, M. Steinke, T. Triffterer, C. Wenzel, U. Wiedner, H. Denizli, N. Er, R. Beck, C. Hammann, J. Hartmann, B. Ketzer, J. Müllers, M. Rossbach, B. Salisbury, C. Schmidt, U. Thoma, M. Urban, A. Bianconi, M. Bragadireanu, D. Pantea, M. Domagala, G. Filo, E. Lisowski, F. Lisowski, M. Michałek, P. Poznański, J. Płażek, K. Korcyl, A. Kozela, P. Lebiedowicz, K. Pysz, W. Schäfer, A. Szczurek, T. Fiutowski, M. Idzik, K. Swientek, P. Terlecki, G. Korcyl, R. Lalik, A. Malige, P. Moskal, K. Nowakowski, W. Przygoda, N. Rathod, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, J. Smyrski, I. Augustin, R. Böhm, I. Lehmann, L. Schmitt, V. Varentsov, M. Al-Turany, A. Belias, H. Deppe, R. Dzhygadlo, H. Flemming, A. Gerhardt, K. Götzen, A. Heinz, P. Jiang, R. Karabowicz, S. Koch, U. Kurilla, D. Lehmann, J. Lühning, U. Lynen, H. Orth, K. Peters, J. Rieger, T. Saito, G. Schepers, C. J. Schmidt, C. Schwarz, J. Schwiening, A. Täschner, M. Traxler, B. Voss, P. Wieczorek, V. Abazov, G. Alexeev, V. A. Arefiev, V. Astakhov, M. Yu. Barabanov, B. V. Batyunya, V. Kh. Dodokhov, A. Efremov, A. Fechtchenko, A. Galoyan, G. Golovanov, E. K. Koshurnikov, Y. Yu. Lobanov, A. G. Olshevskiy, A. A. Piskun, A. Samartsev, S. Shimanski, N. B. Skachkov, A. N. Skachkova, E. A. Strokovsky, V. Tokmenin, V. Uzhinsky, A. Verkheev, A. Vodopianov, N. I. Zhuravlev, D. Branford, D. Watts, M. Böhm, W. Eyrich, A. Lehmann, D. Miehling, M. Pfaffinger, N. Quin, L. Robison, K. Seth, T. Xiao, D. Bettoni, A. Ali, A. Hamdi, M. Himmelreich, M. Krebs, S. Nakh
abstract
he antiproton experiment PANDA at FAIR is designed to bring hadron physics to a new level in terms of scope, precision and accuracy. In this work, its unique capability for studies of hyperons is outlined. We discuss ground-state hyperons as diagnostic tools to study non-perturbative aspects of the strong interaction, and fundamental symmetries. New simulation studies have been carried out for two benchmark hyperon-antihyperon production channels: p(anti)p -> Lambda(anti)Lambda and p(anti)p -> anti(Xi)+Xi-. The results, presented in detail in this paper, show that hyperon-antihyperon pairs from these reactions can be exclusively reconstructed with high efficiency and very low background contamination. In addition, the polarisation and spin correlations have been studied, exploiting the weak, self-analysing decay of hyperons and antihyperons. Two independent approaches to the finite efficiency have been applied and evaluated: one standard multidimensional efficiency correction approach, and one efficiency independent approach. The applicability of the latter was thoroughly evaluated for all channels, beam momenta and observables. The standard method yields good results in all cases, and shows that spin observables can be studied with high precision and accuracy already in the first phase of data taking with PANDA.
Study of excited Xi baryons with the PANDA detector
G. Barucca, F. Davi, G. Lancioni, P. Mengucci, L. Montalto, P. P. Natali, N. Paone, D. Rinaldi, L. Scalise, B. Krusche, M. Steinacher, Z. Liu, C. Liu, B. Liu, X. Shen, S. Sun, G. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Albrecht, W. Alkakhi, S. Bökelmann, S. Coen, F. Feldbauer, M. Fink, J. Frech, V. Freudenreich, M. Fritsch, J. Grochowski, R. Hagdorn, F. H. Heinsius, T. Held, T. Holtmann, I. Keshk, H. Koch, B. Kopf, M. Kümmel, M. Küßner, J. Li, L. Linzen, S. Maldaner, J. Oppotsch, S. Pankonin, M. Pelizä, S. Pflüger, J. Reher, G. Reicherz, C. Schnier, M. Steinke, T. Triffterer, C. Wenzel, U. Wiedner, H. Denizli, N. Er, U. Keskin, S. Yerlikaya, A. Yilmaz, R. Beck, V. Chauhan, C. Hammann, J. Hartmann, B. Ketzer, J. Müllers, B. Salisbury, C. Schmidt, U. Thoma, M. Urban, A. Bianconi, M. Bragadireanu, D. Pantea, M. Domagala, G. Filo, E. Lisowski, F. Lisowski, M. Michałek, P. Poznański, J. Płażek, K. Korcyl, P. Lebiedowicz, K. Pysz, W. Schäfer, A. Szczurek, M. Firlej, T. Fiutowski, M. Idzik, J. Moron, K. Swientek, P. Terlecki, G. Kor
abstract
The study of baryon excitation spectra provides insight into the inner structure of baryons. So far, most of the worldwide efforts have been directed towards N* and Delta spectroscopy. Nevertheless, the study of the double and triple strange baryon spectrum provides independent information to the N* and Delta spectra. The future antiproton experiment PANDA will provide direct access to final states containing a XiXi pair, for which production cross sections up to microbarn are expected in p(anti)p reactions. With a luminosity of L=10^31 cm^2 s^-1 in the first phase of the experiment, the expected cross sections correspond to a production rate of ~10^6 events /day . With a nearly 4pi detector acceptance, PANDA will thus be a hyperon factory. In this study, reactions of the type p(anti)p -> Xi+Xi*- as well as p(anti)p -> Xi*+ Xi- with various decay modes are investigated. For the exclusive reconstruction of the signal events, a full decay tree fit is used, resulting in reconstruction efficiencies between 3 and 5%. This allows high statistics data to be collected within a few weeks of data taking.
Technical design report for the (P)over-barANDA Barrel DIRC detector
B. Singh, W. Erni, B. Krusche, M. Steinacher, N. Walford, B. Liu, H. Liu, Z. Liu, X. Shen, C. Wang, J. Zhao, M. Albrecht, T. Erlen, F. Feldbauer, M. Fink, M. Fritsch, J. Haase, FH. Heinsius, T. Held, T. Holtmann, I. Keshk, H. Koch, B. Kopf, M. Kuhlmann, M. Kummel, S. Leiber, M. Mikirtychyants, P. Musiol, A. Mustafa, M. Pelizaus, A. Pitka, J. Pychy, M. Richter, C. Schnier, T. Schroder, C. Sowa, M. Steinke, T. Triffterer, U. Wiedner, M. Ball, R. Beck, C. Hammann, B. Ketzer, M. Kube, P. Mahlberg, M. Rossbach, C. Schmidt, R. Schmitz, U. Thoma, M. Urban, D. Walther, C. Wendel, A. Wilson, A. Bianconi, M. Bragadireanu, D. Pantea, B. Patel, W. Czyzycki, M. Domagala, G. Filo, J. Jaworowski, M. Krawczyk, E. Lisowski, F. Lisowski, M. Michalek, P. Poznanski, J. Plazek, K. Korcyl, A. Kozela, P. Kulessa, P. Lebiedowicz, K. Pysz, et al.
abstract
The (P) over bar ANDA (anti-Proton ANnihiliation at DArmstadt) experiment will be one of the four flagship experiments at the new international accelerator complex FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) in Darmstadt, Germany. (P) over bar ANDA will address fundamental questions of hadron physics and quantum chromodynamics using high-intensity cooled antiproton beams with momenta between 1.5 and 15 GeV/c and a design luminosity of up to 2 x 10(32) cm(-2) S-1. Excellent particle identification (PID) is crucial to the success of the (P) over bar ANDA physics program. Hadronic PID in the barrel region of the target spectrometer will be performed by a fast and compact Cherenkov counter using the detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) technology. It is designed to cover the polar angle range from 22 degrees to 140 degrees and will provide at least 3 standard deviations (s.d.) pi/K separation up to 3.5 GeV/c, matching the expected upper limit of the final state kaon momentum distribution from simulation. This documents describes the technical design and the expected performance of the (P) over bar ANDA Barrel DIRC detector. The design is based on the successful BaBar DIRC with several key improvements. The performance and system cost were optimized in detailed detector simulations and validated with full system prototypes using particle beams at GSI and CERN. The final design meets or exceeds the PID goal of clean pi/K separation with at least 3 s.d. over the entire phase space of charged kaons in the Barrel DIRC.
Pressure stabilized straw tube modules for the PANDA Forward Tracker
J. Smyrski, T. Fiutowski, P. Gianotti, A. Heczko, M. Idzik, M. Kajetanowicz, G. Korcyl, B. Korzeniak, R. Lalik, E. Lisowski, A. Malarz, W. Migdal, A. Misiak, W. Przygoda, J. Ritman, P. Salabura, M. Savrie, K. Swientek, P. Wintz, A. Wronska
abstract
The design of straw tube detector modules developed for the PANDA Forward Tracker is presented. One module consists of 32 straws with 10 mm diameter, arranged in two staggered layers, and has a very low material budget of only 8.8.10(-4 )X(0). The overpressure of the working gas mixture of 1 bar makes the module self-supporting and enables the use of lightweight and compact support frames. Detection planes in the Forward Tracker consist of modules mounted closely, without gaps, next to each other on a support frame. A module can be mounted and dismounted from the frame without the need to remove the neighboring modules, enabling fast repairs. Technical details of the detector design and the assembly procedure of the straw tubes and the straw modules as well as results of performed tests of the modules are given.
Design of the forward straw tube tracker for the PANDA experiment
J. Smyrski, A. Apostolou, J. Biernat, W. Czyzycki, G. Filo, E. Fioravanti, T. Fiutowski, P. Gianotti, M. Idzik, G. Korcyl, K. Korcyl, E. Lisowski, F. Lisowski, J. Plazek, D. Przyborowski, W. Przygoda, J. Ritman, P. Salabura, M. Savrie, P. Strzempek, K. Swientek, P. Wintz, A. Wronska
abstract
The design of the Forward Tracker for the Forward Spectrometer of the PANDA experiment is described. The tracker consists of 6 tracking stations, each comprising 4 planar double layers of straw tube detectors, and has a total material budget of only 2% X-0. The straws are made self-supporting by a 1 bar over-pressure of the working gas mixture (Ar/CO2). This allows to use lightweight and compact rectangular support frames for the double layers and to split the frames into pairs of C-shaped half-frames for an easier installation on the beam line.
Feasibility study for the measurement of piN transition distribution amplitudes at PANDA in vec{p}p->J/psi pi0
B. Singh, W. Erni, B. Krusche, M. Steinacher, N. Walford, H. Liu, Z. Liu, B. Liu, X. Shen, C. Wang, J. Zhao, M. Albrecht, T. Erlen, M. Fink, FH. Heinsius, T. Held, T. Holtmann, S. Jasper, I. Keshk, H. Koch, B. Kopf, M. Kuhlmann, M. Kummel, S. Leiber, M. Mikirtychyants, P. Musiol, A. Mustafa, M. Pelizaeus, J. Pychy, M. Richter, C. Schnier, T. Schroder, C. Sowa, M. Steinke, T. Triffterer, U. Wiedner, M. Ball, R. Beck, C. Hammann, B. Ketzer, M. Kube, P. Mahlberg, M. Rossbach, C. Schmidt, R. Schmitz, U. Thoma, M. Urban, D. Walther, C. Wendel, A. Wilson, A. Bianconi, M. Bragadireanu, M. Caprini, D. Pantea, B. Patel, W. Czyzycki, M. Domagala, G. Filo, J. Jaworowski, M. Krawczyk, E. Lisowski, F. Lisowski, M. Michalek, P. Poznanski, J. Plazek, K. Korcyl, A. Kozela, P. Kulessa, P. Lebiedowicz, K. Pysz, W. Schaefer, et al.
abstract
The exclusive charmonium production process in p?p annihilation with an associated pi0 meson vec{p}p ->J=psi pi 0 is studied in the framework of QCD collinear factorization. The feasibility of measuring this reaction through the J=psi -> e+e- decay channel with the AntiProton ANnihilation at DArmstadt (PANDA) experiment is investigated. Simulations on signal reconstruction efficiency as well as the background rejection from various sources including the vec{p}p -> pi+pi-pi0 and vec{p} -> J=psi pi0 pi0 reactions are performed with PANDA ROOT , the simulation and analysis software framework of the PANDA experiment. It is shown that the measurement can be done at P?ANDA with significant constraining power under the assumption of an integrated luminosity attainable in four to five months of data taking at the maximum design luminosity.
Study of doubly strange systems using stored antiprotons
B. Singh, W. Erni, B. Krusche, M. Steinacher, N. Walford, B. Liu, H. Liu, Z. Liu, X. Shen, C. Wang, J. Zhao, M. Albrecht, T. Erlen, M. Fink, F. Heinsius, T. Held, T. Holtmann, S. Jasper, I. Keshk, H. Koch, B. Kopf, M. Kuhlmann, M. Kummel, S. Leiber, M. Mikirtychyants, P. Musiol, A. Mustafa, M. Pelizaus, J. Pychy, M. Richter, C. Schnier, T. Schroder, C. Sowa, M. Steinke, T. Triffterer, U. Wiedner, M. Ball, R. Beck, C. Hammann, B. Ketzer, M. Kube, P. Mahlberg, M. Rossbach, C. Schmidt, R. Schmitz, U. Thoma, M. Urban, D. Walther, C. Wendel, A. Wilson, A. Bianconi, M. Bragadireanu, M. Caprini, D. Pantea, B. Patel, W. Czyzycki, M. Domagala, G. Filo, J. Jaworowski, M. Krawczyk, E. Lisowski, F. Lisowski, M. Michalek, P. Poznanski, J. Plazek, K. Korcyl, A. Kozela, P. Kulessa, P. Lebiedowicz, K. Pysz, W. Schafer, et al.
abstract
Bound nuclear systems with two units of strangeness are still poorly known despite their importance for many strong interaction phenomena. Stored antiprotons beams in the GeV range represent an unparalleled factory for various hyperon-antihyperon pairs. Their outstanding large production probability in antiproton collisions will open the floodgates for a series of new studies of systems which contain two or even more units of strangeness at the PANDA experiment at FAIR. For the first time, high resolution gamma-spectroscopy of doubly strange Lambda Lambda-hypernuclei will be performed, thus complementing measurements of ground state decays of Lambda Lambda-hypernuclei at J-PARC or possible decays of particle unstable hypernuclei in heavy ion reactions. High resolution spectroscopy of multistrange Xi(-) -atoms will be feasible and even the production of Omega(-) -atoms will be within reach. The latter might open the door to the vertical bar S vertical bar = 3 world in strangeness nuclear physics, by the study of the hadronic Omega(-) -nucleus interaction. For the first time it will be possible to study the behavior of Xi(+) in nuclear systems under well controlled conditions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Experimental access to Transition Distribution Amplitudes with the PANDA experiment at FAIR
BP. Singh, W. Erni, I. Keshelashvili, B. Krusche, M. Steinacher, B. Liu, H. Liu, Z. Liu, X. Shen, C. Wang, J. Zhao, M. Albrecht, M. Fink, FH. Heinsius, T. Held, T. Holtmann, H. Koch, B. Kopf, M. Kummel, G. Kuhl, M. Kuhlmann, M. Leyhe, M. Mikirtychyants, P. Musiol, A. Mustafa, M. Pelizaus, J. Pychy, M. Richter, C. Schnier, T. Schroder, C. Sowa, M. Steinke, T. Triffterer, U. Wiedner, R. Beck, C. Hammann, D. Kaiser, B. Ketzer, M. Kube, P. Mahlberg, M. Rossbach, C. Schmidt, R. Schmitz, U. Thoma, D. Walther, C. Wendel, A. Wilson, A. Bianconi, M. Bragadireanu, M. Caprini, D. Pantea, D. Pietreanu, ME. Vasile, B. Patel, D. Kaplan, P. Brandys, T. Czyzewski, W. Czyzycki, M. Domagala, M. Hawryluk, G. Filo, M. Krawczyk, D. Kwiatkowski, E. Lisowski, F. Lisowski, T. Fiutowski, M. Idzik, B. Mindur, D. Przyborowski, K. Swientek, et al.
abstract
Baryon-to-meson Transition Distribution Amplitudes (TDAs) encoding valuable new information on hadron structure appear as building blocks in the collinear factorized description for several types of hard exclusive reactions. In this paper, we address the possibility of accessing nucleon-to-pion (pi N) TDAs from (p) over barp -> e(+)e(-)pi(0) reaction with the future PANDA detector at the FAIR facility. At high center-of-mass energy and high invariant mass squared of the lepton pair q(2), the amplitude of the signal channel (p) over barp -> e(+)e(-)pi(0) admits a QCD factorized description in terms of pi N TDAs and nucleon Distribution Amplitudes (DAs) in the forward aid backward kinematic regimes. Assuming the validity of this factorized description, we perform feasibility studies for measuring (p) over barp -> e(+)e(-)pi(0) with the PANDA detector. Detailed simulations on signal reconstruction efficiency as well as on rejection of the most severe background channel, i.e. (p) over barp -> pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) were performed for the center-of-mass energy squared s = 5 GeV2 and s = 10 GeV2, in the kinematic regions 3.0 < q(2) < 4.3 GeV2 and 5 < q(2) < 9 GeV2, respectively, with a neutral pion scattered in the forward or backward cone vertical bar cos theta(pi 0)vertical bar > 0.5 in the proton-antiproton center-of-mass frame. Results of the simulation show that the particle identification capabilities of the PANDA detector will allow to achieve a background rejection factor of 5 . 10(7) (1 . 10(7)) at low (high) q(2) for s = 5 GeV2, and of 1 . 10(8) (6 . 10(6)) at low (high) q(2) for s = 10 GeV2, while keeping the signal reconstruction efficiency at around 40%. At both energies, a clean lepton signal can be reconstructed with the expected statistics corresponding to 2 of integrated luminosity. The cross sections obtained from the simulations are used to show that a test of QCD collinear factorization can be done at the lowest order by measuring scaling laws and angular distributions. The future measurement of the signal channel cross section with PANDA will provide a new test of the perturbative QCD description of a novel class of hard exclusive reactions and will open the possibility of experimentally accessing pi N TDAs.
Verification of Electromagnetic Calorimeter Concept for the HADES spectrometer
O. Svoboda, C. Blume, W. Czyzycki, E. Epple, L. Fabbietti, T. Galatyuk, M. Golubeva, F. Guber, S. Hlavac, A. Ivashkin, M. Kajetanowic, B. Kardan, W. Koenig, A. Kugler, K. Lapidus, S. Linev, E. Lisowski, P. Ott, P. Otte, O. Petukhov, J. Pietraszko, A. Reshetin, P. Rodriguez-Ramos, A. Rost, P. Salabura, P. Skott, YG. Sobolev, O. Steffen, A. Thomas, P. Tlusty, M. Traxler
abstract
The HADES spectrometer currently operating on the beam of SIS18 accelerator in GSI will be moved to a new position in the CBM cave of the future FAIR complex. Electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) will enable the HADES@FAIR experiment to measure data on neutral meson production in heavy ion collisions at the energy range of 2-10 A GeV on the beam of the new accelerator SIS100. Calorimeter will be based on 978 massive lead glass modules read out by photomultipliers and a novel front-end electronics. Secondary gamma beam with energies ranging from 81 MeV up to 1399 MeV from MAMI-C Mainz facility was used to verify selected technical solutions. Relative energy resolution was measured using modules with three different types of photomultipliers. Two types of developed front-end electronics as well as energy leakage between neighbouring modules under parallel and declined gamma beams were studied in detail.
Electromagnetic calorimeter for the HADES@FAIR experiment
O. Svoboda, C. Blume, W. Czyzycki, E. Epple, L. Fabbietti, T. Galatyuk, M. Golubeva, F. Guber, S. Hlavac, A. Ivashkin, M. Kajetanowic, B. Kardan, W. Koenig, A. Kugler, K. Lapidus, E. Lisowski, J. Pietraszko, A. Reshetin, A. Rost, P. Salabura, YG. Sobolev, P. Tlusty, M. Traxler
abstract
An electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) is being developed to complement the dilepton spectrometer HADES currently operating on the beam of the SIS18 heavy-ion synchrotron at GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany. The ECAL will allow the HADES@FAIR experiment to measure data on neutral meson production in heavy ion collisions in the energy range of 2-10 AGeV with the beam of the future accelerator SIS100@FAIR. The calorimeter will also improve the electron-hadron separation of the spectrometer, and will be used for the detection of photons from strange resonances in elementary and heavy ion reactions as well. The calorimeter will consist of 978 modules divided into 6 sectors, and it will cover forward angles of 16 degrees < Theta < 45 degrees and almost full azimuthal angle. Each module consists of a lead glass Cherenkov counter, photomultiplier, HV divider and an optical fiber. A dedicated LED based system being developed to monitor the stability of the calorimeter is discussed. Various prototypes of front-end electronics are presented and the achieved energy and time resolution determined using pulses from a pulse generator and a real detector signal induced by LED pulses and cosmic muons is shown as well.
Electromagnetic Calorimeter for HADES Experiment
P. Rodriguez-Ramos, L. Chlad, E. Epple, L. Fabbietti, T. Galatyuk, M. Golubeva, F. Guber, S. Hlavac, A. Ivashkin, M. Kajetanowic, B. Kardan, W. Koenig, G. Korcyl, A. Kugler, K. Lapidus, S. Linev, E. Lisowski, A. Neiser, O. Ott, O. Otte, O. Pethukov, J. Pietraszko, A. Reshetin, A. Rost, P. Salabura, YG. Sobolev, O. Svoboda, A. Thomas, P. Tlusty, M. Traxler
abstract
Electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) is being developed to complement dilepton spectrometer HADES. ECAL will enable the HADES@FAIR experiment to measure data on neutral meson production in heavy ion collisions at the energy range of 2-10 AGeV on the beam of future accelerator SIS100@FAIR. We will report results of the last beam test with quasi-monoenergetic photons carried out in MAMI facility at Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz.
