Realistic Total-Body J-PET Geometry Optimization--Monte Carlo Study
J. Baran, W. Krzemień, L. Raczyński, M. Bała, A. Coussat, S. Parzych, N. Chug, E. Czerwiński, C. Oana Curceanu, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, K. Eliyan, J. Gajewski, A. Gajos, B. Hiesmayr, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, D. Kumar, S. Niedźwiecki, D. Panek, E. Perez del Rio, A. Ruciński, S. Sharma, Shivani, R.Y. Shopa, M. Skurzok, E. Stępień, F. Tayefiardebili, K. Tayefiardebili, W. Wiślicki, P. Moskal
abstract
Total-Body PET imaging is one of the most promising newly introduced modalities in the medical diagnostics. State-of-the-art PET scanners use inorganic scintillators such as L(Y)SO or BGO, however, those technologies are very expensive, prohibitng the broad total-body PET applications. We present the comparative studies of performance characteristics of the cost-effective Total-Body PET scanners using Jagiellonian PET (J-PET) technology that is based on plastic scintillators. Here, we investigated in silico five realistic Total-Body scanner geometries, varying the number of rings, scanner radius, and distance between the neighbouring rings. Monte Carlo simulations of two NEMA phantoms (2-meter sensitivity line source and image quality) and the anthropomorphic XCAT phantom, were used to assess the performance of the tested geometries. We compared the sensitivity profiles and we performed the quantitative analysis of the reconstructed images by using the quality metrics such as contrast recovery coefficient, background variability and root mean squared error. The optimal scanner design was selected for the first Total-Body J-PET scanner configuration.
First positronium image of the human brain in vivo
P. Moskal, J. Baran, S. Bass, J. Choiński, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, M. Das, K. Dulski, K.V. Eliyan, K. Fronczewska, A. Gajos, K. Kacprzak, M. Kajetanowicz, T. Kaplanoglu, Ł. Kapłon, K. Klimaszewski, M. Kobylecka, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, K. Kubat, D. Kumar, J. Kunikowska, J. Mączewska, W. Migdał, G. Moskal, W. Mryka, S. Niedźwiecki, S. Parzych, E. Perez del Rio, L. Raczyński, S. Sharma, Shivani, R.Y. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, F. Tayefi, K. Tayefi, P. Tanty, W. Wiślicki, L. Królicki, E. Ł. Stępień
abstract
Positronium, an unstable atom consisting of an electron and a positron, is abundantly produced within the molecular voids of a patient?s body during positron emission tomography (PET) diagnosis. Its properties, such as its average lifetime between formation and annihilation into photons, dynamically respond to the submolecular architecture of the tissue and the partial pressure of oxygen molecules. However, the diagnostic information that positronium may deliver about early molecular alterations remains unavailable in clinics with state-of-the-art PET scanners.
This study presents the first in vivo images of positronium lifetime in humans. We developed a dedicated J-PET system with multiphoton detection capability for imaging. The measurements of positronium lifetime were performed on a patient with a glioblastoma tumor in the brain. The patient was injected intratumorally with the 68Ga radionuclide attached to Substance-P, which accumulates in glioma cells, and intravenously with 68Ga attached to the PSMA-11 ligand, which is selective to glioma cells and salivary glands. The 68Ga radionuclide is routinely used in PET for detecting radiopharmaceutical accumulation and was applied for positronium imaging because it can emit an additional prompt gamma. The prompt gamma enables the determination of the time of positronium formation, while the photons from positronium annihilation were used to reconstruct the place and time of its decay. The determined positronium mean lifetime in glioblastoma cells is shorter than in salivary glands, which in turn is shorter than in healthy brain tissues, demonstrating for the first time that positronium imaging can be used to diagnose disease in vivo. This study also demonstrates that if current total-body PET systems were equipped with multiphoton detection capability and the 44Sc radionuclide was applied, it would be possible to perform positronium imaging at 6500 times greater sensitivity than achieved in this research. Therefore, it is anticipated that positronium imaging has the potential to bring a new quality of cancer diagnosis in clinics.
Feasibility of the J-PET to monitor range oftherapeutic proton beams
J. Baran, D. Borys, K. Brzeziński, J. Gajewski, M. Silarski, N. Chug, A. Coussat, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, K.V. Eliyan, A. Gajos, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, K. Klimaszewski, P. Konieczka, R. Kopeć, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, D. Kumar, A.J. Lomax, K. McNamara, S. Niedźwiecki, P. Olko, D. Panek, S. Parzych, E. Perez del Rio, L. Raczyński, M. Simbarashe, S. Sharma, Shivani, R.Y. Shopa, T. Skóra, M. Skurzok, P. Stasica, E.Ł. Stępień, K. Tayefi, F. Tayefi, D.C. Weber, C. Winterhalter, W. Wiślicki, P. Moskal, A. Ruciński
abstract
Objective: The aim of this work is to investigate the feasibility of the JagiellonianPositron Emission Tomography (J-PET) scanner for intra-treatment proton beamrange monitoring. Approach: The Monte Carlo simulation studies with GATE and PET imagereconstruction with CASToR were performed in order to compare six J-PET scannergeometries (three dual-heads and three cylindrical). We simulated proton irradiationof a PMMA phantom with a Single Pencil Beam (SPB) and Spread-Out BraggPeak (SOBP) of various ranges. The sensitivity and precision of each scanner werecalculated, and considering the setup?s cost-effectiveness, we indicated potentiallyoptimal geometries for the J-PET scanner prototype dedicated to the proton beamrange assessment. Main results: The investigations indicate that the double-layer cylindrical andtriple-layer double-head configurations are the most promising for clinical application.We found that the scanner sensitivity is of the order of 10?5coincidences per primaryproton, while the precision of the range assessment for both SPB and SOBP irradiationplans was found below 1 mm. Among the scanners with the same number of detectormodules, the best results are found for the triple-layer dual-head geometry. Significance: We performed simulation studies demonstrating that the feasibilityof the J-PET detector for PET-based proton beam therapy range monitoring ispossible with reasonable sensitivity and precision enabling its pre-clinical tests in theclinical proton therapy environment. Considering the sensitivity, precision and cost-effectiveness, the double-layer cylindrical and triple-layer dual-head J-PET geometryconfigurations seem promising for the future clinical application. Experimental testsare needed to confirm these findings.
Feasibility studies for imaging e+e- annihilation with modular multi-strip detectors
S. Sharma, L. Povolo, S. Mariazzi, G. Korcyl, K. Kacprzak, D. Kumar, S. Niedzwiecki, J. Baran, E. Beyene, R. S. Brusa, R. Caravita, N. Chug, A. Coussat, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwinski, M. Dadgar, M. Das, K. Dulski, K. Eliyan, A. Gajos, N. Gupta, B. C. Hiesmayr, L. Kaplon, T. Kaplanoglu, K. Klimaszewski, P. Konieczka, T. Kozik, M. K. Kozani, W. Krzemien, S. Moyo, W. Mryka, L. Penasa, S. Parzych, E. Perez Del Rio, L. Raczynski, R. Y. Shopa, M. Skurzok, E. L. Stepien, P. Tanty, F. Tayefi, K. Tayefi, W. Wislicki, P. Moskal
abstract
Studies based on imaging the annihilation of the electron (e-) and its antiparticle positron (e+) open up several interesting applications in nuclear medicine and fundamental research. The annihilation process involves both the direct conversion of ee into photons and the formation of their atomically bound state, the positronium atom (Ps), which can be used as a probe for fundamental studies. With the ability to produce large quantities of Ps, manipulate them in long-lived Ps states, and image their annihilations after a free fall or after passing through atomic interferometers, this purely leptonic antimatter system can be used to perform inertial sensing studies in view of a direct test of Einstein equivalence principle. It is envisioned that modular multistrip detectors can be exploited as potential detection units for this kind of studies. In this work, we report the results of the first feasibility study performed on a e beamline using two detection modules to evaluate their reconstruction performance and spatial resolution for imaging ee annihilations and thus their applicability for gravitational studies of Ps.
Discrete symmetries tested at 10^-4 precision using linear polarization of photons from positronium annihilations
P. Moskal, E. Czerwiński, J. Raj, S. D. Bass, E. Beyene, N. Chug, A. Coussat, C. Curceanu, M. Dadgar, M. Das, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, B. C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, T. Kaplanoglu, Ł. Kapłon, K. Klimaszewski, P. Konieczka, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, D. Kumar, S. Moyo, W. Mryka, S. Niedźwiecki, S. Parzych, E. Pérez del Río, L. Raczyński, S. Sharma, S. Choudhary, R. Y. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, E. Ł. Stępień, P. Tanty, F. T. Ardebili, K. T. Ardebili, K. V. Eliyan, W. Wiślicki
abstract
Discrete symmetries play an important role in particle physics with violation of CP connected to the matter-antimatter imbalance in the Universe. We report the most precise test of P, T and CP invariance in decays of ortho-positronium, performed with methodology involving polarization of photons from these decays. Positronium, the simplest bound state of an electron and positron, is of recent interest with discrepancies reported between measured hyperfine energy structure and theory at the level of 10^-4 signaling a need for better understanding of the positronium system at this level. We test discrete symmetries using photon polarizations determined via Compton scattering in the dedicated J-PET tomograph on an event-by-event basis and without the need to control the spin of the positronium with an external magnetic field, in contrast to previous experiments. Our result is consistent with QED expectations at the level of 0.0007 and one standard deviation.
Comparative studies of the sensitivities of sparse and full geometries of Total-Body PET scanners built from crystals and plastic scintillators
M. Dadgar, S. Parzych, J. Baran, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, K. Elyan, A. Gajos, B.C. Hiesmayr, Ł. Kapłon, K. Klimaszewski, P. Konieczka, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, D. Kumar, S. Niedźwiecki, D. Panek, E. Perez del Rio, L. Raczyński, S. Sharma, Shivani, R.Y. Shopa, M. Skurzok, E. L. Stępień, F. Tayefi Ardebili, K. Tayefi Ardebili, S. Vandenberghe, W. Wiślicki and P. Moskal
abstract
Background: Alongside the benefits of Total-Body imaging modalities, such as higher sensitivity, single-bed position, low dose imaging, etc., their final construction cost prevents worldwide utilization. The main aim of this study is to present a simulation-based comparison of the sensitivities of existing and currently developed tomographs to introduce a cost-efficient solution for
constructing a Total-Body PET scanner based on plastic scintillators.
Methods: For the case of this study, eight tomographs based on the uEXPLORER configuration with different scintillator materials (BGO, LYSO), axial field-of-view (97.4 cm and 194.8 cm), and detector configuration (full and sparse) were simulated. In addition, 8 J-PET scanners with different configurations, such as various axial field-of-view (200 cm and 250 cm), the different cross-sections of plastic scintillator, and the multiple numbers of the
plastic scintillator layers (2, 3, and 4), based on J-PET technology have been simulated by GATE software. Furthermore, Biograph Vision has been simulated to compare the results with standard PET scans. Two types of simulations have been performed. The first one with a centrally located source with a diameter of 1mm and a length of 250 cm, and the second one with the same source inside a water-filled cylindrical phantom with a diameter of 20 cm and a length of 183 cm.
Results: With regards to sensitivity, among all the proposed scanners, the ones constructed with BGO crystals give the best performance (? 350 cps/kBq at the center). The utilization of sparse geometry or LYSO crystals significantly lowers the achievable sensitivity of such systems. The J-PET design gives a similar sensitivity to the sparse LYSO crystal-based detectors while having full detector coverage over the body. Moreover, it provides uniform sensitivity over the body
with additional gain on its sides and provides the possibility for high-quality brain
imaging.
Conclusion: Taking into account not only the sensitivity but also the price of the Total-Body PET tomographs, which till now was one of the main obstacles in their widespread clinical availability, the J-PET tomography system based on plastic scintillators could be a cost-efficient alternative for Total-Body PET scanners.
Transformation of PET raw data into images for event classification using convolutional neural networks
P. Konieczka, L. Raczyński, W. Wiślicki, O. Fedoruk, K. Klimaszewski, P. Kopka, W. Krzemień, R.Y. Shopa, J. Baran, A. Coussat, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B.C. Hiesmayr, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, D. Kumar, S. Niedźwiecki, S. Parzych, E. Pérez del Río, S. Sharma, S. Shivani, M. Skurzok, E.Ł. Stępień, F. Tayefi, P. Moskal
abstract
In positron emission tomography (PET) studies, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) may be applied directly to the reconstructed distribution of radioactive tracers injected into the patient's body, as a pattern recognition tool. Nonetheless, unprocessed PET coincidence data exist in tabular format. This paper develops the transformation of tabular data into -dimensional matrices, as a preparation stage for classification based on CNNs. This method explicitly introduces a nonlinear transformation at the feature engineering stage and then uses principal component analysis to create the images. We apply the proposed methodology to the classification of simulated PET coincidence events originating from NEMA IEC and anthropomorphic XCAT phantom. Comparative studies of neural network architectures, including multilayer perceptron and convolutional networks, were conducted. The developed method increased the initial number of features from 6 to 209 and gave the best precision results (79.8) for all tested neural network architectures; it also showed the smallest decrease when changing the test data to another phantom.
Detection of range shifts in proton beam therapy using the J-PET scanner: a patient simulation study
K. Brzeziński, J. Baran, D. Borys, J. Gajewski, N. Chug, A. Coussat, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, K.V. Eliyan, A. Gajos, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, K. Klimaszewski, P. Konieczka, R. Kopeć, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, D. Kumar, A.J. Lomax, K. McNamara, S. Niedźwiecki, P. Olko, D. Panek, S. Parzych, E. Perez del Rio, L. Raczyński, S. Sharma, Shivani, R.Y. Shopa, T. Skóra, M. Skurzok, P. Stasica, E.Ł. Stępień, K. Tayefi, F. Tayefi, D.C. Weber, C. Winterhalter, W. Wiślicki, P. Moskal, A. Ruciński
abstract
Objective. The Jagiellonian positron emission tomography (J-PET) technology, based on plastic scintillators, has been proposed as a cost effective tool for detecting range deviations during proton therapy. This study investigates the feasibility of using J-PET for range monitoring by means of a detailed Monte Carlo simulation study of 95 patients who underwent proton therapy at the Cyclotron Centre Bronowice (CCB) in Krakow, Poland. Approach. Discrepancies between prescribed and delivered treatments were artificially introduced in the simulations by means of shifts in patient positioning and in the Hounsfield unit to the relative proton stopping power calibration curve. A dual-layer, cylindrical J-PET geometry was simulated in an in-room monitoring scenario and a triple-layer, dual-head geometry in an in-beam protocol. The distribution of range shifts in reconstructed PET activity was visualized in the beam's eye view. Linear prediction models were constructed from all patients in the cohort, using the mean shift in reconstructed PET activity as a predictor of the mean proton range deviation. Main results. Maps of deviations in the range of reconstructed PET distributions showed agreement with those of deviations in dose range in most patients. The linear prediction model showed a good fit, with coefficient of determination r2 = 0.84 (in-room) and 0.75 (in-beam). Residual standard error was below 1 mm: 0.33 mm (in-room) and 0.23 mm (in-beam). Significance. The precision of the proposed prediction models shows the sensitivity of the proposed J-PET scanners to shifts in proton range for a wide range of clinical treatment plans. Furthermore, it motivates the use of such models as a tool for predicting proton range deviations and opens up new prospects for investigations into the use of intra-treatment PET images for predicting clinical metrics that aid in the assessment of the quality of delivered treatment.
Detection of range shifts in proton beam therapy using the J-PET scanner: a patient simulation study
Karol Brzeziński, Jakub Baran, Damian Borys, Jan Gajewski, Neha Chug, Aurelien Coussat, Eryk Czerwiński, Meysam Dadgar, Kamil Dulski, Kavya V Eliyan, Aleksander Gajos, Krzysztof Kacprzak, Łukasz Kapłon, Konrad Klimaszewski, Paweł Konieczka, Renata Kopeć, Grzegorz Korcyl, Tomasz Kozik, Wojciech Krzemień, Deepak Kumar, Antony J Lomax, Keegan McNamara, Szymon Niedźwiecki, Paweł Olko, Dominik Panek, Szymon Parzych, Elena Perez del Rio, Lech Raczyński, Sushil Sharma, Shivani, Roman Y Shopa, Tomasz Skóra, Magdalena Skurzok, Paulina Stasica, Ewa Ł Stępień, Keyvan Tayefi, Faranak Tayefi, Damien C Weber, Carla Winterhalter, Wojciech Wiślicki, Paweł Moskal and Antoni Rucinski
abstract
Objective. The Jagiellonian positron emission tomography (J-PET) technology, based on plastic
scintillators, has been proposed as a cost effective tool for detecting range deviations during proton
therapy. This study investigates the feasibility of using J-PET for range monitoring by means of a
detailed Monte Carlo simulation study of 95 patients who underwent proton therapy at the Cyclotron
Centre Bronowice (CCB) in Krakow, Poland. Approach. Discrepancies between prescribed and
delivered treatments were artificially introduced in the simulations by means of shifts in patient
positioning and in the Hounsfield unit to the relative proton stopping power calibration curve. A
dual-layer, cylindrical J-PET geometry was simulated in an in-room monitoring scenario and a triple-
layer, dual-head geometry in an in-beam protocol. The distribution of range shifts in reconstructed
PET activity was visualized in the beam?s eye view. Linear prediction models were constructed from all
patients in the cohort, using the mean shift in reconstructed PET activity as a predictor of the mean
proton range deviation. Main results. Maps of deviations in the range of reconstructed PET
distributions showed agreement with those of deviations in dose range in most patients. The linear
prediction model showed a good fit, with coefficient of determination r2 = 0.84 (in-room) and 0.75
(in-beam). Residual standard error was below 1 mm: 0.33 mm (in-room) and 0.23 mm (in-beam).
Significance. The precision of the proposed prediction models shows the sensitivity of the proposed
J-PET scanners to shifts in proton range for a wide range of clinical treatment plans. Furthermore, it
motivates the use of such models as a tool for predicting proton range deviations and opens up new prospects for investigations into the use of intra-treatment PET images for predicting clinical metrics
that aid in the assessment of the quality of delivered treatment.
Comparative studies of plastic scintillator strips with high technical attenuation length for the total-body J-PET scanner
Ł. Kapłon, J. Baran, N. Chug, A. Coussat, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, J. Gajewski, A. Gajos, B. Hiesmayr, E. Kavya Valsan, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, D. Kumar, G. Moskal, S. Niedźwiecki, D. Panek, S. Parzych, E. Pérez del Rio, L. Raczyński, A. Ruciński, S. Sharma, S. Shivani, R. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, E. Stępień, F. Tayefi Ardebili, K. Tayefi Ardebili, W. Wiślicki, P. Moskal
abstract
Plastic scintillator strips are considered as one of the promising solutions for the cost-effective construction of total-body positron emission tomography, (PET) system. The purpose of the performed measurements is to compare the transparency of long plastic scintillators with dimensions 6 mm x 24 mm x 1000 mm and with all surfaces polished. Six different types of commercial, general purpose, blue-emitting plastic scintillators with low attenuation of visible light were tested, namely: polyvinyl toluene-based BC-408, EJ-200, RP-408, and polystyrene-based Epic, SP32 and UPS-923A. For determination of the best type of plastic scintillator for total-body Jagiellonian positron emission tomograph (TB-J-PET) construction, emission and transmission spectra, and technical attenuation length (TAL) of blue light-emitting by the scintillators were measured and compared. The TAL values were determined with the use of UV lamp as excitation source, and photodiode as light detector. Emission spectra of investigated scintillators have maxima in the range from 420 nm to 429 nm. The BC-408 and EJ-200 have the highest transmittance values of about 90% at the maximum emission wavelength measured through a 6 mm thick scintillator strip and the highest technical attenuation length reaching about 2000 mm, allowing assembly of long detection modules for time-of-flight (TOF) J-PET scanners. Influence of the 6 mm × 6 mm, 12 mm × 6 mm, 24 mm × 6 mm cross-sections of the 1000 mm long EJ-200 plastic scintillator on the TAL and signal intensity was measured. The highest TAL value was determined for samples with 24 mm × 6 mm cross-section.
Efficiency determination of J-PET: first plastic scintillators-based PET scanner
S. Sharma, J. Baran, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, K. Eliyan, A. Gajos, N. Gupta-Sharma, B. C. Hiesmayr, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, K. Klimaszewski, P. Konieczka, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, D. Kumar, Sz. Niedźwiecki, D. Panek, S. Parzych, E. Perez del Rio, L. Raczyński, Shivani, R. Y. Shopa, M. Skurzok, E. Ł. Stępień, F. Tayefi, K. Tayefi , W. Wiślicki and P. Moskal
abstract
Background:
The Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph is the 3-layer prototype
of the first scanner based on plastic scintillators, consisting of 192 half-metre-long strips with readouts at both ends. Compared to crystal-based detectors, plastic scintillators
are several times cheaper and could be considered as a more economical alternative to crystal scintillators in future PETs. JPET is also a first multi-photon PET prototype. For the development of multi-photon detection, with photon characterized by the continuous energy spectrum, it is important to estimate the efficiency of J-PET as a function of energy deposition. The aim of this work is to determine the registration efficiency of the J-PET tomograph as a function of energy deposition by incident photons and the intrinsic efficiency of the J-PET scanner in detecting photons of different incident energies. In this study, 3-hit events are investigated, where 2-hits are caused by 511 keV
photons emitted in e+e- annihilations, while the third hit is caused by one of the scattered photons. The scattered photon is used to accurately measure the scattering angle and thus the energy deposition. Two hits by a primary and a scattered photon are sufficient to calculate the scattering angle of a photon, while the third hit ensures
the precise labeling of the 511 keV photons.
Results:
By comparing experimental and simulated energy distribution spectra, the registration efficiency of the J-PET scanner was determined in the energy deposition range of 70-270 keV, where it varies between 20 and 100%. In addition, the intrinsic efficiency of the J-PET was also determined as a function of the energy of the incident photons.
Conclusion:
A method for determining registration efficiency as a function of energy deposition and intrinsic efficiency as a function of incident photon energy of the J-PET scanner was demonstrated. This study is crucial for evaluating the performance of the scanner based on plastic scintillators and its applications as a standard and multi-photon PET systems. The method may be also used in the calibration of Compton-cameras developed for the ion-beam therapy monitoring and simultaneous multi-radionuclide imaging in nuclear medicine.
J-PET detection modules based on plastic scintillators for performing studies with positron and positronium beams
S. Sharma, J. Baran, R.S. Brusa, R. Caravita, N. Chug, A. Coussat, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwinski, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, K. Eliyan, A. Gajos, B.C. Hiesmayr, K. Kacprzak, L. Kaplon, K. Klimaszewski, P. Konieczka, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemien D. Kumar, S. Mariazzi, S. Niedźwiecki, L. Panasa, S. Parzych, L. Povolo, E. Perez del Rio, L. Raczynski Shivani, R.Y. Shopa, M. Skurzok, E.L. Stepien, F. Tayefi, K. Tayefi, W. Wislicki and P. Moskal
abstract
The J-PET detector, which consists of inexpensive plastic scintillators, has demonstrated its potential in the study of fundamental physics. In recent years, a prototype with 192 plastic scintillators arranged in 3 layers has been optimized for the study of positronium decays. This allows performing precision tests of discrete symmetries (C, P, T) in the decays of positronium atoms. Moreover, thanks to the possibility of measuring the polarization direction of the photon based on Compton scattering, the predicted entanglement between the linear polarization of annihilation photons in positronium decays can also be studied. Recently, a new J-PET prototype was commissioned, based on a modular design of detection units. Each module consists of 13 plastic scintillators and can be used as a stand-alone, compact and portable detection unit. In this paper, the main features of the J-PET detector, the modular prototype and their applications for possible studies with positron and positronium beams are discussed. Preliminary results of the first test experiment performed on two detection units in the continuous positron beam recently developed at the Antimatter Laboratory (AML) of Trento are also reported.
TOF MLEM Adaptation for the Total-Body J-PET with a Realistic Analytical System Response Matrix
R.Y. Shopa, J. Baran, K. Klimaszewski, W. Krzemień, L. Raczyński, W. Wiślicki, K. Brzeziński, N. Chug, A. Coussat, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, J. Gajewski, A. Gajos, B.C. Hiesmayr, E. Kavya Valsan, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, D. Kumar, Ł. Kapłon, G. Moskal, S. Niedźwiecki, D. Panek, S. Parzych, E. Pérez del Rio, A. Ruciński, S. Sharma, Shivani, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, E. Stepień, F. Tayefi Ardebili, K. Tayefi Ardebili, P. Moskal
abstract
We report a study of the original image reconstruction algorithm based on the time-of-flight maximum likelihood expectation maximisation (TOF MLEM), developed for the total-body (TB) Jagiellonian PET (J-PET) scanners. The method is applicable to generic cylindrical or modular multi-layer layouts and is extendable to multi-photon imaging. The system response matrix (SRM) is represented as a set of analytical functions, uniquely defined for each pair of plastic scintillator strips used for the detection. A realistic resolution model (RM) in detector space is derived from fitting the Monte Carlo simulated emissions and detections of annihilation photons on oblique transverse planes. Additional kernels embedded in SRM account for TOF, parallax effect and axial smearing. The algorithm was tested on datasets, simulated in GATE for the NEMA IEC and static XCAT phantoms inside a 24-module 2-layer TB J-PET. Compared to the reference TOF MLEM with none or a shift-invariant RM, an improvement was observed, as evaluated by the analysis of image quality, difference images and ground truth metrics. We also reconstructed the data with additive contributions, pre-filtered geometrically and with non-TOF scatter correction applied. Despite some deterioration, the obtained results still capitalise on the realistic RM with better edge preservation and superior ground truth metrics. The envisioned prospects of the TOF MLEM with analytical SRM include its application in multi-photon imaging and further upgrade to account for the non-collinearity, positron range and other factors.
Investigation of novel preclinical Total Body PET designed with J-PET technology: A simulation study
M. Dadgar, S. Parzych, F. Tayefi Ardebili, J. Baran, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, K. Eliyan, A. Gajos, B.C. Hiesmayr, K. Kacprzak, K. Klimaszewski, P. Konieczka, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, D. Kumar, S. Niedźwiecki, D. Panek, E. Perez del Rio, L. Raczyński, S. Sharma, R.Y. Shopa, M. Skurzok, K. Tayefi Ardebili, S. Vandenberghe, W. Wiślicki, E.Ł. Stępień, P. Moskal
abstract
The growing interest in human-grade Total Body PET systems has also application in small animal research. Due to the existing limitations in human-based studies involving drug development and novel treatment monitoring, animalbased research became a necessary step for testing and protocol preparation. In this simulation-based study two unconventional, cost effective small animal Total Body PET scanners (for mouse and rat studies) have been investigated in order to inspect their feasibility for preclinical research. They were designed with the novel technology explored by the Jagiellonian PET Collaboration (J-PET). Two main PET characteristics: sensitivity and spatial resolution were mainly inspected to evaluate their performance. Moreover, the impact of the scintillator dimension and time-offlight on the latter parameter were examined in order to design the most efficient tomographs. The presented results show that for mouse TB J-PET the achievable system sensitivity is equal to 2.35% and volumetric spatial resolution to 9.46 +- 0.54 mm3, while for rat TB J-PET they are equal to 2.6% and 14.11 ? 0.80 mm3, respectively. Furthermore, it was shown that the designed tomographs are almost parallax-free systems, hence they resolve the problem of the acceptance criterion trade-off between enhancing spatial resolution and reducing sensitivity.
ProTheRaMon - a GATE simulation framework for proton therapy range monitoring using PET imaging
D. Borys, J. Baran, K.W. Brzezinski, J. Gajewski, N. Chug, A. Coussat, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, K. Valsan Eliyan, A. Gajos, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, K. Klimaszewski, P. Konieczka, R. Kopec, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, D. Kumar, A. John Lomax, K. McNamara, S. Niedźwiecki, P. Olko, D. Panek, S. Parzych, E. Pérez del Río, L. Raczyński, S. Sharma, S. Shivani, R.Y. Shopa, T. Skóra, M. Skurzok, P. Stasica, E. Stępień, K. Tayefi Ardebili, F. Tayefi, D. Charles Weber, C. Winterhalter, W. Wiślicki, P. Moskal, A. Rucinski
abstract
Objective: This paper reports on the implementation and shows examples of the use of the ProTheRaMon framework for simulating the delivery of proton therapy treatment plans and range monitoring using positron emission tomography (PET). ProTheRaMon offers complete processing of proton therapy treatment plans, patient CT geometries, and intra-treatment PET imaging, taking into account therapy and imaging coordinate systems and activity decay during the PET imaging protocol specific to a given proton therapy facility. We present the ProTheRaMon framework and illustrate its potential use case and data processing steps for a patient treated at the Cyclotron Centre Bronowice (CCB) proton therapy center in Krakow, Poland. Approach: The ProTheRaMon framework is based on GATE Monte Carlo software, the CASToR reconstruction package and in-house developed Python and bash scripts. The framework consists of five separated simulation and data processing steps, that can be further optimized according to the user's needs and specific settings of a given proton therapy facility and PET scanner design. Main results: ProTheRaMon is presented using example data from a patient treated at CCB and the J-PET scanner to demonstrate the application of the framework for proton therapy range monitoring. The output of each simulation and data processing stage is described and visualized. Significance: We demonstrate that the ProTheRaMon simulation platform is a high-performance tool, capable of running on a computational cluster and suitable for multi-parameter studies, with databases consisting of large number of patients, as well as different PET scanner geometries and settings for range monitoring in a clinical environment. Due to its modular structure, the ProTheRaMon framework can be adjusted for different proton therapy centers and/or different PET detector geometries. It is available to the community via github.
Mirror Matter Searches with the J-PET Detector
E. Pérez del Río, W. Krzemień, B. Kłósek
abstract
The positronium system ? a bound state of an electron and a positron ? is suitable for testing the
predictions of quantum electrodynamics, since its properties can be perturbatively calculated to high
accuracy and, unlike the hydrogen system, it is not affected by the finite size or quantum chromodynamics effects at the current level of experimental precision. Experiments searching for invisible decays
of the positronium triplet state ? the ortho-positronium ? which mainly decays to three photons, are
being conducted since they are sensitive to new physics scenarios, e.g., mirror matter, milli-charged
particles, and extra space-time dimensions. The particular case of mirror matter and its search with
the novel total-body positron emission tomography scanner at the Jagiellonian University is presented.
This J-PET is a large, high precision medical imaging tool based on plastic scintillators.
Development of the Normalization Method for the Jagiellonian PET Scanner
A. Coussat, W. Krzemien, J. Baran, S. Parzych
abstract
This work aims at applying the theory of the component-based normalization to the Jagiellonian PET
scanner, currently under development at the Jagiellonian University. In any positron emission tomography acquisition, efficiency along a line-of-response can vary due to several physical and geometrical
effects, leading to severe artifacts in the reconstructed image. To mitigate these effects, a normalization
coefficient is applied to each line-of-response, defined as the product of several components. The specificity of the Jagiellonian PET scanner geometry is taken into account. The results obtained from the
GATE simulations are compared with the preliminary results obtained from the experimental data.
Precision tests of quantum mechanics and CPT symmetry with entangled neutral kaons at KLOE
D. Babusci, M. Berlowski, C. Bloise, F. Bossi, P. Branchini, A. Budano, B. Cao, F. Ceradini, P. Ciambrone, F. Curciarello, E. Czerwiński, G. D'Agostini, E. Dane, V. De Leo, E. De Lucia, A. De Santis, P. De Simone, A. Di Cicco, A. Di Domenico, E. Diociaiuti, D. Domenici, A. D'Uffizi, A. Fantini, G. Fantini, P. Fermani, S. Fiore, A. Gajos, P. Gauzzi, S. Giovannella, E. Graziani, V. L. Ivanov, T. Johansson, X. Kang, D. Kisielewska-Kamińska, E. A. Kozyrev, W. Krzemien, A. Kupsc, P. A. Lukin, G. Mandaglio, M. Martini, R. Messi, S. Miscetti, D. Moricciani, P. Moskal, A. Passeri, V. Patera, E. Perez del Rio, P. Santangelo, M. Schioppa, A. Selce, M. Silarski, F. Sirghi, E. P. Solodov, L. Tortora, G. Venanzoni, W. Wiślicki, M. Wolke
abstract
The quantum interference between the decays of entangled neutral kaons is studied in the process phi -> KSKL -> pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-), which exhibits the characteristic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations that prevent both kaons to decay into pi(+)pi(-) at the same time. This constitutes a very powerful tool for testing at the utmost precision the quantum coherence of the entangled kaon pair state, and to search for tiny decoherence and CPT violation effects, which may be justified in a quantum gravity framework.
The analysed data sample was collected with the KLOE detector at DAFNE, the Frascati phi-factory, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of about 1.7 fb(-1), i.e. to about 1.7 x 10(9) phi -> KSKL decays produced. From the fit of the observed Delta t distribution, being Delta t the difference of the kaon decay times, the decoherence and CPT violation parameters of various phenomenological models are measured with a largely improved accuracy with respect to previous analyses.
The results are consistent with no deviation from quantum mechanics and CPT symmetry, while for some parameters the precision reaches the interesting level at which - in the most optimistic scenarios - quantum gravity effects might show up. They provide the most stringent limits up to date on the considered models.
Positronium imaging with the novel multiphoton PET scanner
P. Moskal, K. Dulski, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, J. Gajewski, A. Gajos, G. Grudzień, B.C. Hiesmayr, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, H. Karimi, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, P. Małczak, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, M. Pędziwiatr, L. Raczyński, J. Raj, A. Ruciński, S. Sharma, Shivani, R.Y. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, E.Ł. Stępień, M. Szczepanek, F. Tayefi, W. Wiślicki
abstract
In vivo assessment of cancer and precise location of altered tissues at initial stages of molecular disorders are important diagnostic challenges. Positronium is copiously formed in the free molecular spaces in the patient?s body during positron emission tomography (PET). The positronium properties vary according to the size of inter- and intramolecular voids and the concentration of molecules in them such as, e.g., molecular oxygen, O2; therefore, positronium imaging may provide information about disease progression during the initial stages of molecular alterations. Current PET systems do not allow acquisition of positronium images. This study presents a new method that enables positronium imaging by simultaneous registration of annihilation photons and deexcitation photons from pharmaceuticals labeled with radionuclides. The first positronium imaging of a phantom built from cardiac myxoma and adipose tissue is demonstrated. It is anticipated that positronium imaging will substantially
enhance the specificity of PET diagnostics.
Optimisation of the event-based TOF filtered back-projection for online imaging in total-body J-PET
R.Y. Shopa, K. Klimaszewski, P. Kopka, P. Kowalski, W. Krzemień, L. Raczyński, W. Wiślicki, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B.C. Hiesmayr, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, D. Kisielewska, G. Korcyl, N. Krawczyk, E. Kubicz, Sz. Niedźwiecki, J. Raj, S. Sharma, Shivani, E.Ł. Stępień, F. Tayefi, P. Moskal
abstract
We perform a parametric study of the newly developed time-of-flight (TOF) image reconstruction algorithm, proposed for the real-time imaging in total-body Jagiellonian PET (J-PET) scanners. The asymmetric 3D filtering kernel is applied at each most likely position of electron-positron annihilation, estimated from the emissions of back-to-back gamma-photons. The optimisation of its parameters is studied using Monte Carlo simulations of a 1-mm spherical source, NEMA IEC and XCAT phantoms inside the ideal J-PET scan- ner. The combination of high-pass filters which included the TOF filtered back-projection (FBP), resulted in spatial resolution, 1.5 times higher in the axial direction than for the conventional 3D FBP. For real- istic 10-minute scans of NEMA IEC and XCAT, which require a trade-offbetween the noise and spatial resolution, the need for Gaussian TOF kernel components, coupled with median post-filtering, is demon- strated. The best sets of 3D filter parameters were obtained by the Nelder-Mead minimisation of the mean squared error between the resulting and reference images. The approach allows training the recon- struction algorithm for custom scans, using the IEC phantom, when the temporal resolution is below 50 ps. The image quality parameters, estimated for the best outcomes, were systematically better than for the non-TOF FBP.
Testing CPT symmetry in ortho-positronium decays with positronium annihilation tomography
P. Moskal, A. Gajos, M. Mohammed, J. Chhokar, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, M. Gorgol, J. Goworek, B. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, H. Karimi, D. Kisielewska, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, T. Kozik, E. Kubicz, S. Niedźwiecki, S. Parzych, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, J. Raj, S. Sharma, S. Choudhary, R. Shopa, A. Sienkiewicz, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, E. Stepien, F. Tayefi, W. Wiślicki
abstract
Charged lepton system symmetry under combined charge, parity, and time-reversal transformation (CPT) remain scarcely tested. Despite stringent quantum-electrodynamic limits, discrepancies in predictions for the electron-positron bound state (positronium atom) motivate further investigation, including fundamental symmetry tests. While CPT noninvariance effects could be manifested in non-vanishing angular correlations between final-state photons and spin of annihilating positronium, measurements were previously limited by the knowledge of the latter. Here, we demonstrate tomographic reconstruction techniques applied to three-photon annihilations of ortho-positronium atoms to estimate their spin polarisation without a magnetic field or polarised positronium source. We use a plastic-scintillator-based positron-emission-tomography scanner to record ortho-positronium (o-Ps) annihilations with a single-event estimation of o-Ps spin and determine the complete spectrum of an angular correlation operator sensitive to CPT-violating effects. We find no violation at the precision level of 10^{-4}, with an over threefold improvement on the previous measurement.
Simulating NEMA characteristics of the modular total-body J-PET scanner - an economic total-body PET from plastic scintillators
P. Moskal, P. Kowalski, R.Y. Shopa, L. Raczyński, J. Baran, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B.C. Hiesmayr, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, D. Kisielewska, K. Klimaszewski, P. Kopka, G. Korcyl, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, Sz. Niedźwiecki, Sz. Parzych, J. Raj, S. Sharma, S. Shivani, E. Stępień, F. Tayefi, W. Wiślicki
abstract
The purpose of the presented research is the estimation of the performance characteristics of the economic total-body Jagiellonian-PET system (TB-J-PET) constructed from plastic scintillators. The characteristics are estimated according to the NEMANU-2-2018 standards utilizing the GATE package. The simulated detector consists of 24 modules, each built out of 32 plastic scintillator strips
(each with a cross-section of 6 mm times 30 mm and length of 140 or 200 cm) arranged in two layers in regular 24-sided polygon circumscribing a circle with a diameter of 78.6 cm. For the TB-J-PET with an axial field-of-view (AFOV) of 200 cm, a spatial resolution (SRs) of 3.7mm (transversal) and 4.9mm (axial) are achieved. The noise equivalent count rate (NECR) peak of 630 kcps is expected at 30 kBq cc^-1. Activity concentration and the sensitivity at the center amount to 38 cps kBq^-1. The scatter fraction (SF) is estimated to 36.2 %. The values of SF and SR are comparable to those obtained for the state-of-the-art clinical PET scanners and the first total-body tomographs: uExplorer and PennPET.With respect to the standard PET systemswithAFOVin the range from16 to 26 cm, the TBJ-PET is characterized by an increase inNECRapproximately by a factor of 4 and by the increase of the whole-body sensitivity by a factor of 12.6 to 38. The time-of-flight resolution for the TB-J-PETis expected to be at the level ofCRT=240 ps fullwidth at half-maximum. For the TB-J-PETwith an AFOVof 140 cm, an image quality of the reconstructed images of a NEMAIEC phantom was presented with a contrast recovery coefficient and a background variability parameters. The increase of the whole-body sensitivity andNECRestimated for the TB-J-PET with respect to current commercial PETsystems makes the TB-J-PET a promising cost-effective solution for the broad clinical applications of total-body PET scanners. TB-J-PETmay constitutes an economic alternative for the crystal TB-PET scanners, since plastic scintillators are much cheaper than BGO or LYSO crystals and the axial arrangement of the strips significantly reduces the costs of readout electronics and SiPMs.
The J-PET detector - a tool for precision studies of ortho-positronium decays
K. Dulski, S.D. Bass, J. Chhokar, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, J. Gajewski, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, R. Del Grande, B.C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, H. Karimi, D. Kisielewska, K. Klimaszewski, P. Kopka, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, P. Małczak, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, M. Pędziwiatr, L. Raczyński7, J. Raj, A. Ruciński, S. Sharma, Shivani, R.Y. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, E. Ł. Stępień, F. Tayefi, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska, P. Moskal
abstract
The J-PET tomograph is constructed from plastic scintillator strips arranged axially in concentric cylindrical layers. It enables investigations of positronium decays by measurement of the time, position, polarization and energy deposited by photons in the scintillators, in contrast to studies conducted so far with crystal and semiconductor based detection systems where the key selection of events is based on the measurement of the photons energies. In this article we show that the J-PET tomography system constructed solely from plastic scintillator detectors is capable of exclusive measurements of the decays of ortho-positronium atoms. We present the first positronium production results and its lifetime distribution measurements. The obtained results prove the capability of the J-PET tomograph for (i) fundamental studies of positronium decays (in particular test of discrete symmetries in purely leptonic systems), (ii) positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, as well as (iii) molecular imaging diagnostics and (iv) observation of entanglement
Advanced Monte Carlo simulations of emission tomography imaging systems with GATE
D. Sarrut, M. Bała, M. Bardies, J. Bert, M. Chauvin, K. Chatzipapas, M. Dupont, A. Etxebeste, L.M. Fanchon, S. Jan, G. Kayal, A.S. Kirov, P. Kowalski, W. Krzemien, J. Labour, M. Lenz, G. Loudos, B. Mehadji, L. Ménard, C. Morel, P. Papadimitroulas, M. Rafecas, J. Salvadori, D. Seiter, M. Stockhoff, E. Testa, C. Trigila, U. Pietrzyk, S. Vandenberghe, M.A. Verdier, D. Visvikis, K. Ziemons, M. Zvolský, E. Roncali
abstract
Built on top of the Geant4 toolkit, GATE is collaboratively developed for more than 15 years to design Monte Carlo simulations of nuclear-based imaging systems. It is, in particular, used by researchers and industrials to design, optimize, understand and create innovative emission tomography systems. In this paper, we reviewed the recent developments that have been proposed to simulate modern detectors and provide a comprehensive report on imaging systems that have been simulated and evaluated in GATE. Additionally, some methodological developments that are not specific for imaging but that can improve detector modeling and provide computation time gains, such as Variance Reduction Techniques and Artificial Intelligence integration, are described and discussed.
3D TOF-PET image reconstruction using total variation regularization
L. Raczyński, W. Wiślicki, K. Klimaszewski, W. Krzemień, P. Kopka, P. Kowalski, R. Y. Shopa, M. Bała, J. Chhokar, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwinski, K. Dulski, J. Gajewski, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, R. Del Grande, B. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, L. Kapłon, D. Kisielewska, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, J. Raj, K. Rakoczy, A. Ruciński, S. Sharma, S. Shivani, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, E.Ł. Stepień, B. Zgardzińska, P. Moskal
abstract
In this paper we introduce a semi-analytic algorithm for 3-dimensional image reconstruction for positron emission tomography (PET). The method consists of the back-projection of the acquired data into the most likely image voxel according to time-of-flight (TOF) information, followed by the filtering step in the image space using an iterative optimization algorithm with a total variation (TV) regularization. TV regularization in image space is more computationally efficient than usual iterative optimization methods for PET reconstruction with a full system matrix that uses TV regularization. The efficiency comes from the one-time TOF back-projection step that might also be described as a reformatting of the acquired data. An important aspect of our work concerns the evaluation of the filter operator of the linear transform mapping an original radioactive tracer distribution into the TOF back-projected image. We obtain concise, closed-form analytical formula for the filter operator. The proposed method is validated with the Monte Carlo simulations of the NEMA IEC phantom using a one-layer, 50 cm-long cylindrical device called Jagiellonian PET scanner. The results show a better image quality compared with the reference TOF maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm.
Search for the eta mesic 3He in the pd->dppi0 reaction with the WASA-at-COSY facility
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, A. Khreptak, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, O. Rundel, I. Schätti-Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M.J. Zieliński, et al.
abstract
The excitation function for the pd -> dppi0 reaction has been measured by WASA-at-COSY experiment with the aim of searching for 3He-eta mesic nuclei. The measurement in the vicinity of eta meson production was performed using a ramped proton beam. The data analysis and interpretation was carried out with the assumption that the eta-mesic Helium decays via the formation of an intermediate N*(1535) resonance. No direct signal of the eta-mesic nucleus is observed in the excitation function. We determine a new improved upper limit for the total cross section for the bound state production and decay in the pd -> (3He-eta)bound -> dppi0 process. It varies between 13 nb to 24 nb for the bound state with width in the range Gamma (5,50) MeV.
Upper limit on the eta->pi+pi- branching fraction with the KLOE experiment
D. Babusci, M. Berlowski, C. Bloise, F. Bossi, P. Branchini, A. Budano, B. Cao, F. Ceradini, P. Ciambrone, F. Curciarello, E. Czerwiński, G. D'Agostini, E. Dan?, V. De Leo, E. De Lucia, A. De Santis, P. De Simone, A. Di Cicco, A. Di Domenico, D. Domenici, A. D'Uffizi, A. Fantini, P. Fermani, S. Fiore, A. Gajos, P. Gauzzi, S. Giovannella, E. Graziani, V. L. Ivanov, T. Johansson, X. Kang, D. Kisielewska-Kamińska, E. A. Kozyrev, W. Krzemien, A. Kupsc, P. A. Lukin, G. Mandaglio, M. Martini, R. Messi, S. Miscetti, D. Moricciani, P. Moskal, S. Parzych, A. Passeri, V. Patera, E. Perez del Rio, P. Santangelo, M. Schioppa, A. Selce, M. Silarski, F. Sirghi, E. P. Solodov, L. Tortora, G. Venanzoni, W. Wiślicki, M. Wolke
abstract
Based on an integrated luminosity of 1.61 fb^{-1} e+e- collision data collected with the KLOE detector at DAFNE, the Frascati phi-factory, a search for the P- and CP-violating decay eta->pi+pi- has been performed. Radiative phi->eta gamma decay is exploited to access the eta mesons. No signal is observed in the pi+pi- invariant mass spectrum, and the upper limit on the branching fraction at 90% confidence level is determined to be B(eta->pi+pi-)<4.9x10^{-6}, which is approximately three times smaller than the previous KLOE result. From the combination of these two measurements we get B(eta->pi+pi-)<4.4x10^{-6} at 90% confidence level.
Synchronisation and calibration of the 24-modules J-PET prototype with 300 mm axial field of view
P. Moskal, T. Bednarski, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Silarski, E. Czerwiński, T. Kozik, J. Chhokar, M. Bała, C. Curceanu, R. Del Grande, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, N. Gupta-Sharma, B. C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, H. Karimi, D. Kisielewska, K.Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, S. Sharma, Shivani, R. Y. Shopa, M. Skurzok, E. Stępień, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska
abstract
Research conducted in the framework of the J-PET project aims to develop a cost-effective total-body positron emission tomography scanner. As a first step on the way to construct a full-scale J-PET tomograph from long strips of plastic scintillators, a 24-strip prototype was built and tested. The prototype consists of detection modules arranged axially forming a cylindrical diagnostic chamber with an inner diameter of 360 mm and an axial field-of-view of 300 mm. Promising perspectives for a low-cost construction of a total-body PET scanner are opened due to an axial arrangement of strips of plastic scintillators, which have a small light attenuation, superior timing properties, and the possibility of cost-effective increase of the axial field-of-view. The presented prototype comprises dedicated solely digital front-end electronic circuits and a triggerless data acquisition system which required development of new calibration methods including time, thresholds and gain synchronization. The system and elaborated calibration methods including first results of the 24-module J-PET prototype are presented and discussed. The achieved coincidence resolving time equals to CRT = 490 +- 9 ps. This value can be translated to the position reconstruction accuracy s(Dl) = 18 mm which is fairly position-independent Keywords: positron emission tomography, plastic scintillators, J-PET.
Differential Cross Sections for Neutron-Proton Scattering in the Region of the d*(2380) Dibaryon Resonance
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, A. Khreptak, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, O. Rundel, I. Schätti-Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M.J. Zieliński, et al.
abstract
Differential cross-sections have been extracted from exclusive and kinematically complete high-statistics measurements of quasifree polarized np scattering performed in the energy region of the d*(2380) dibaryon resonance covering the range of beam energies Tn=0.98?1.29 GeV (s=2.32?2.44 GeV). The experiment was carried out with the WASA-at-COSY setup having a polarized deuteron beam impinged on the hydrogen pellet target and utilizing the quasifree process dp->np + p_spectator. In this way, the np differential cross-section sigma(theta) was measured over a large angular range. The obtained angular distributions complement the corresponding analyzing power Ay(theta) measurements published previously. A SAID partial-wave analysis incorporating the new data strengthens the finding of a resonance pole in the coupled D33-G33 waves
Performance assessment of the 2gamma positronium imaging with the total-body PET scanners
P. Moskal, D. Kisielewska, Z. Bura, C. Chhokar, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, J. Gajewski, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, R. Del Grande, B. C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, A. Kamińska, Ł. Kapłon, H. Karimi, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, T. Kozik, E. Kubicz, P. Małczak, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, M. Pędziwiatr, L. Raczyński, J. Raj, A. Ruciński, S. Sharma, Shivani, R. Y. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, E. Ł. Stępień, S. Vandenberghe, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska
abstract
In living organisms the positron-electron annihilation (occurring during the PET imaging) proceeds in about 30% via creation of a metastable ortho-positronium atom. In the tissue, due to the pick-off and conversion processes, over 98% of ortho-positronia annihilate into two 511~keV photons. In this article we assess the feasibility for reconstruction of the mean ortho-positronium lifetime image based on annihilations into two photons. The main objectives of this work include: (i) estimation of the sensitivity of the total-body PET scanners for the ortho-positronium mean lifetime imaging using 2gamma annihilations, and (ii) estimation of the spatial and time resolution of the ortho-positronium image as a function of the coincidence resolving time (CRT) of the scanner. Simulations are conducted assuming that radiopharmaceutical is labelled with 44Sc isotope emitting one positron and one prompt gamma. The image is reconstructed on the basis of triple coincidence events. The ortho-positronium lifetime spectrum is determined for each voxel of the image. Calculations were performed for cases of total-body detectors build of (i) LYSO scintillators as used in the EXPLORER PET, and (ii) plastic scintillators as anticipated for the cost-effective total-body J-PET scanner. To assess the spatial and time resolution the three cases were considered assuming that CRT is equal to 140ps, 50ps and 10ps. The estimated total-body PET sensitivity for the registration and selection of image forming triple coincidences is larger by a factor of 12.2 (for LYSO PET) and by factor of 4.7 (for plastic PET) with respect to the sensitivity for the standard 2gamma imaging by LYSO PET scanners with AFOV=20cm.
Estimating relationship between the Time Over Threshold and energy loss by photons in plastic scintillators used in the J-PET scanner
S. Sharma, J. Chhokar, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwinski, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, J. Gajewski, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, N. Gupta-Sharma, R. Del Grande, B. C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasinska, K. Kacprzak, L. Kaplon, H. Karimi, D. Kisielewska, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemien, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedzwiecki, M. Palka, M. Pawlik-Niedzwiecka, L. Raczynski, J. Raj, A. Rucinski, Shivani, R. Y. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, E. L. Stepien, W. Wislicki, B. Zgardzinska, P. Moskal
abstract
Time-Over-Threshold (TOT) technique is being used widely due to its implications in developing the multi channel readouts mainly when fast signal processing is required. Using TOT technique as a measure of energy loss instead of charge integration methods significantly reduces the signals readout cost by combining the time and energy information. Therefore, this approach can potentially be used in J-PET tomograph which is build from plastic scintillators characterized by fast light signals. The drawback in adopting this technique is lying in the non-linear correlation between input energy loss and TOT of the signal. The main motivation behind this work is to develop the relationship between TOT and energy loss and validate it with the J-PET tomograph.
The experiment was performed using the 22Na beta emitter source placed in the center of the J-PET tomograph. One can obtain primary photons of two different energies: 511 keV photon from the annihilation of positron (direct annihilation or through the formation of para-Positronim atom or pick-off process of ortho-Positronium atoms), and 1275 keV prompt photon. This allows to study the correlation between TOT values and energy loss for energy range up to 1000 keV. As the photon interacts dominantly via Compton scattering inside the plastic scintillator, there is no direct information of primary photon energy. However, using the J-PET geometry one can measure the scattering angle of the interacting photon. Since, 22Na source emits photons of two different energies, it is required to know unambiguously the energy of incident photons and its corresponding scattering angle for the estimation of energy deposition. In this work, the relationship between Time Over Threshold and energy loss by interacting photons inside the plastic scintillators used in J-PET scanner is established for a energy deposited range 100-1000 keV.
Hit-time and hit-position reconstruction in strips of plastic scintillators using multi-threshold readouts
N. G. Sharma, M. Silarski, J. Chhokar, E. Czerwinski, C. Curceanu, K. Dulski, K. Farbaniec, A. Gajos, R. Del Grande, M. Gorgol, B. C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasinska, K. Kacprzak, L. Kaplon, D. Kisielewska, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemien, T. Kozik, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedzwiecki, M. Palka, M. Pawlik-Niedzwiecka, L. Raczynski, J. Raj, S. Sharma, S. Shivani, R. Y. Shopa, M. Skurzok, W. Wislicki, B. Zgardzinska, P. Moskal
abstract
In this article a new method for the reconstruction of hit-position and hit-time of photons in long scintillator detectors is investigated. This research is motivated by the recent development of the positron emission tomography scanners based on plastic scintillators. The proposed method constitutes a new way of signal processing in Multi-Voltage-Technique. It is based on the determination of the degree of similarity between the registered signals and the synchronized model signals stored in a library. The library was established for a set of well defined hit-positions along the length of the scintillator. The Mahalanobis distance was used as a measure of similarity between the two compared signals. The method was validated on the experimental data measured using two-strips J-PET prototype with dimensions of 5x9x300 mm. The obtained Time-of-Flight (TOF) and spatial resolutions amount to 325 ps (FWHM) and 25 mm (FWHM), respectively. The TOF resolution was also compared to the results of an analogous study done using Linear Fitting method. The best TOF resolution was obtained with this method at four pre-defined threshold levels which was comparable to the resolution achieved from the Mahalanobis distance at two pre-defined threshold levels. Although the algorithm of Linear Fitting method is much simpler to apply than the Mahalanobis method, the application of the Mahalanobis distance requires a lower number of applied threshold levels and, hence, decreases the costs of electronics used in PET scanner.
J-PET Framework: Software platform for PET tomography data reconstruction and analysis
W. Krzemień, A. Gajos, K. Kacprzak, K. Rakoczy, G. Korcyl
abstract
J-PET Framework is an open-source software platform for data analysis, written in C++ and based on the ROOT package. It provides a common environment for implementation of reconstruction, calibration and filtering procedures, as well as for user-level analyses of Positron Emission Tomography data. The library contains a set of building blocks that can be combined by users with even little programming experience, into chains of processing tasks through a convenient, simple and well-documented API. The generic input-output interface allows processing the data from various sources: low-level data from the tomography acquisition system or from diagnostic setups such as digital oscilloscopes, as well as high-level tomography structures e.g. sinograms or a list of lines-of-response. Moreover, the environment can be interfaced with Monte Carlo simulation packages such as GEANT and GATE, which are commonly used in the medical scientific community.
Three-nucleon dynamics in dp breakup collisions using the WASA detector at COSY-Jülich
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, A. Khreptak, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, M. Skurzok, M.J. Zieliński, et al.
abstract
The differential cross section for the 1 H (d, pp)n breakup reaction at deuteron beam energy of 340 MeV
has been measured with the use of the WASA detector at COSY-Jülich. The set of proton-proton coincidences
registered at the Forward Detector has been analyzed on a dense grid of kinematic variables, giving in total
around 5600 data points. The cross-section data are compared to theoretical predictions based on the state-of-
the-art nucleon-nucleon potentials, combined with a three-nucleon force or the Coulomb interaction or carried
out in a relativistic regime.
Measurement of the branching fraction for the decay KS -> pi mu nu with the KLOE detector
D. Babusci, M. Berlowski, C. Bloise, F. Bossi, P. Branchini, A. Budano, B. Cao, F. Ceradini, P. Ciambrone, F. Curciarello, E. Czerwisnski, G. D'Agostini, E. Dane, V. De Leo, E. De Lucia, A. De Santis, P. De Simone, A. Di Cicco, A. Di Domenico, D. Domenici, A. D'Uffizi, A. Fantini, P. Fermani, S. Fiore, A. Gajos, P. Gauzzi, S. Giovannella, E. Graziani, V. L. Ivanov, T. Johansson, X. Kang, D. Kisielewska-Kamisnska, E. A. Kozyrev, W. Krzemien, A. Kupsc, P. A. Lukin, G. Mandaglio, M. Martini, R. Messi, S. Miscetti, D. Moricciani, P. Moskal, S. Parzych, A. Passeri, V. Patera, E. Perez del Rio, P. Santangelo, M. Schioppa, A. Selce, M. Silarski, F. Sirghi, E. P. Solodov, L. Tortora, G. Venanzoni, W. Wislicki, M. Wolke
abstract
Based on a sample of 300 million KS mesons produced in phi -> KLKS decays recorded by the KLOE experiment at the DAFNE e+e- collider we have measured the branching fraction for the decay KS -> pi mu nu. The KS mesons are identified by the interaction of KL mesons in the detector. The KS -> pi mu nu decays are selected by a boosted decision tree built with kinematic variables and by a time-of-flight measurement. Signal efficiencies are evaluated with data control samples of KL -> pi mu nu decays. A fit to the reconstructed muon mass distribution finds 7223?180 signal events. Normalising to the KS -> pi+ pi- decay events the result for the branching fraction is B(KS -> pi mu nu) = (4.56+-0.11stat+-0.17syst)×10-4.
Search for eta mesic 3He with the WASA-at-COSY facility in the pd-> 3He 2gamma and pd-> 3He 6gamma reactions
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, O. Khreptak, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, O. Rundel, I. Schätti-Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M.J. Zieliński, et al.
abstract
We report on the experimental search for the bound state of an eta meson and 3He nucleus performed using the WASA-at-COSY detector setup. In order to search for the eta-mesic nucleus decay, the pd->3He2gamma and pd->3He6gamma channels have been analysed. These reactions manifest the direct decay of eta meson bound in 3He nucleus. This non-mesonic decay channel has been considered for the first time. When taking into account only statistical errors, the obtained excitation functions reveal a slight indication for a possible bound state signal corresponding to an 3He-eta nucleus width Gamma above 20 MeV and binding energy Bs between 0 and 15 MeV. However, the determined cross sections are consistent with zero in the range of the systematic uncertainty. Therefore, as final result we estimate only the upper limit for the cross section of the eta-mesic 3He nucleus formation followed by the eta meson decay which varies between 2 nb and 15 nb depending on possible bound state parameters.
Feasibility study of the positronium imaging with the J-PET tomograph
P. Moskal, D. Kisielewska, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, B. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, W. Krzemień, T. Kozik, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, J. Raj, S. Sharma, Shivani, R.Y. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, E. Stępień, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska
abstract
A detection system of the conventional PET tomograph is set-up to record data from e+ e- annihilation into two photons with energy of 511 keV, and it gives information on the density distribution of a radiopharmaceutical in the body of the object. In this paper we explore the possibility of performing the three gamma photons imaging based on ortho- positronium annihilation, as well as the possibility of positronium average lifetime imaging with the J-PET tomograph constructed from plastic scintillators. For this purposes simulations of the ortho-positronium formation and its annihilation into three photons were performed taking into account distributions of photons' momenta as predicted by the theory of quantum electrodynamics and the response of the J-PET tomograph. In order to test the proposed ortho-positronium lifetime image reconstruction method, we concentrate on the decay of the ortho-positronium into three photons and applications of radiopharmaceuticals labeled with isotopes emitting a prompt gamma quantum. The proposed method of imaging is based on the determination of hit-times and hit-positions of registered photons which enables the reconstruction of the time and position of the annihilation point as well as the lifetime of the ortho-positronium on an event-by-event basis. We have simulated the production of the positronium in a cylindrical phantom composed of a set of different materials in which the ortho-positronium lifetime varied from 2 ns to ~2.9 ns, as expected for ortho-positronium created in the human body. The presented reconstruction method for total-body J-PET like detector allows to achieve a mean lifetime resolution of about 40 ps. Recent Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy measurements of cancerous and healthy uterine tissues show that this sensitivity may allow to study the morphological changes in cell structures.
Simulation studies of annihilation-photon's polarisation via Compton scattering with the J-PET tomograph
N. Krawczyk, B.C. Hiesmayr, J. Chhokar, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, N. Gupta-Sharma, B. Jasińska, D. Kisielewska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, W. Krzemień, T. Kozik, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, J. Raj, K. Rakoczy, Z. Rudy, S. Sharma, Shivani, R.Y. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
J-PET is the first positron-emission tomograph (PET) constructed from plastic scintillators. It was optimized for the detection of photons from electron-positron annihilation. Such photons, having an energy of 511 keV, interact with electrons in plastic scintillators predominantly via the Compton effect. Compton scattering is at most probable at an angle orthogonal to the electric field vector of the interacting photon. Thus registration of multiple photon scatterings with J-PET enables to determine the polarization of the annihilation photons. In this contribution we present estimates on the physical limitation in the accuracy of the polarization determination of 511 keV photons with the J-PET detector.
Technical Design Report for the PANDA Barrel DIRC Detector
B. Singh, ..., B. Kamys, G. Korcyl, W. Krzemien, P. Moskal, et al. (PANDA Collaboration)
abstract
This documents describes the technical design and the expected performance of the Barrel DIRC detector for the PANDA experiment. The Barrel DIRC will provide hadronic charged particle identification in the polar angle range of 22 [deg] to 140 [deg] for particle momenta between 0.5 GeV/c and 3.5 GeV/c. The design is based on the successful BaBar DIRC with several key improvements. The performance and system cost were optimized in detailed detector simulations and validated with full system prototypes using particle beams at GSI and CERN. The final design meets or exceeds the PID goal of clean pi/K separation with at least 3 standard deviations over the entire phase space of charged kaons in the Barrel DIRC.
Examination of the Production of an Isotensor Dibaryon in the pp->pppi+pi- Reaction
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, O. Khreptak, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, O. Rundel, I. Schätti-Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M.J. Zieliński, et al.
abstract
Exclusive measurements of the quasi-free pp->pppi+pi- reaction have been performed by means of pd collisions at Tp = 1.2 GeV using the WASA detector setup at COSY. Total and differential cross sections have been obtained covering the energy region Tp=1.08-1.36 GeV (sqrt(s) = 2.35 - 2.46 GeV), which includes the regions of N*(1440) and Delta(1232)Delta(1232) resonance excitations. Calculations describing these excitations by t-channel meson exchange are at variance with experimental differential cross sections and underpredict substantially the measured total cross section. An isotensor DeltaN dibaryon resonance with I(JP)=2(1+) produced associatedly with a pion is able to overcome these deficiencies. Such a dibaryon was predicted by Dyson and Xuong and more recently calculated by Gal and Garcilazo.
Feasibility studies of the polarization of photons beyond the optical wavelength regime with the J-PET detector
P. Moskal, N. Krawczyk, B. C. Hiesmayr, M. Bała, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwinski, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, R. Del Grande, B. Jasinska, K. Kacprzak, L. Kapłon, D. Kisielewska, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemien, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczynski, J. Raj, Z. Rudy, S. Sharma, M. Silarski, Shivani, R. Y. Shopa, M. Skurzok, W. Wislicki, B. Zgardzinska
abstract
J-PET is a detector optimized for registration of photons from the electron-positron annihilation via plastic scintillators where photons interact predominantly via Compton scattering. Registration of both primary and scattered photons enables to determinate the linear polarization of the primary photon on the event by event basis with a certain probability. Here we present quantitative results on the feasibility of such polarization measurements of photons from the decay of positronium with the J-PET and explore the physical limitations for the resolution of the polarization determination of 511keV photons via Compton scattering. For scattering angles of about 82 degree (where the best contrast for polarization measurement is theoretically predicted) we find
that the single event resolution for the determination of the polarization is about 40 degree (predominantly due to properties
of the Compton effect). However, for samples larger than ten thousand events the J-PET is capable of determining relative average polarization of these photons with the precision of about few degrees. The obtained results open new perspectives for studies of various physics phenomena such as quantum entanglement and tests of discrete symmetries in decays of positronium and extend the energy range of polarization measurements by five orders of magnitude beyond the optical wavelength regime.
Evaluation of Single-Chip, Real-Time Tomographic Data Processing on FPGA - SoC Devices
G. Korcyl, P. Białas, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, B. Flak, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, M. Gorgol, B. C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, M. Kajetanowicz, D. Kisielewska, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pawlik- Niedźwiecka, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, P. Rajda, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N. G. Sharma, S. Sharma, R. Y. Shopa, M. Skurzok, M. Silarski, P. Strzempek, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, R. Zaleski, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
A novel approach to tomographic data processing
has been developed and evaluated using the Jagiellonian PET (J-
PET) scanner as an example. We propose a system in which there
is no need for powerful, local to the scanner processing facility,
capable to reconstruct images on the fly. Instead we introduce a
Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) System-on-Chip (SoC)
platform connected directly to data streams coming from the
scanner, which can perform event building, filtering, coincidence
search and Region-Of-Response (ROR) reconstruction by the
programmable logic and visualization by the integrated
processors. The platform significantly reduces data volume
converting raw data to a list-mode representation, while
generating visualization on the fly.
A feasibility study of the time reversal violation test based on polarization of annihilation photons from the decay of ortho-Positronium with the J-PET detector
J. Raj, A. Gajos, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, M. Gorgol, N. Gupta-Sharma, B. C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, D. Kisielewska, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, K. Rakoczy, Z. Rudy, S. Sharma, Shivani, R.Y. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska, P. Moskal
abstract
The Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) is a novel device being developed at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland based on organic scintillators. J-PET is an axially symmetric and high acceptance scanner that can be used as a multi-purpose detector system. It is well suited to pursue tests of discrete symmetries in decays of positronium in addition to medical
imaging. J-PET enables the measurement of both momenta and the polarization vectors of annihilation photons. The latter is a unique feature of the J-PET detector which allows the study of time reversal symmetry violation operator which can be constructed solely from the annihilation photons momenta before and after the scattering in the detector.
Commissioning of the J-PET detector in view of the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy
K. Dulski, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, N. Gupta-Sharma, B. C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, D. Kisielewska, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, T. Kozik, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, J. Raj, K. Rakoczy, Z. Rudy, S. Sharma, Shivani, R. Y. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska, P. Moskal
abstract
The Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) is the first PET device built from plastic scintillators. It is a multi-purpose detector designed for medical imaging and for studies of properties of positronium atoms in porous matter and in living organisms. In this article we report on the commissioning of the J-PET detector in view of studies of positronium decays. We present results of analysis of the positron lifetime measured in the porous polymer. The obtained results prove that J-PET is capable of performing simultaneous imaging of the density distribution of annihilation points as well as positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy.
Backward single-pion production in the pd->3Hepi0 reaction with WASA-at-COSY
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, O. Khreptak, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, O. Rundel, I. Schätti-Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M.J. Zieliński, et al.
abstract
New data on the production of single neutral pions in the pd->3Hepi0 reaction are presented. For fifteen proton beam momenta between pp=1.60GeV/c and pp=1.74GeV/c, differential cross sections are determined over a large fraction of the backward hemisphere. Since the only previous systematic measurements of single-pion production at these energies were made in collinear kinematics, the present work constitutes a significant extension of the current knowledge on this reaction. Even this far above the production threshold, significant changes are found in the behaviour of the angular distributions over small intervals in beam momentum.
Measurement of the charge asymmetry for the KS->pi e nu decay and test of CPT symmetry with the KLOE detector
The KLOE-2 collaboration: A. Anastasi, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, D. Kisielewska-Kamińska, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, M. Silarski, W. Wiślicki, et al.
abstract
Using 1.63 fb^(-1) of integrated luminosity collected by the KLOE experiment about 7 10^4 KS->pi e nu decays have been reconstructed. The measured value of the charge asymmetry for this decay is AS=(-4.9 pm 5.7_{stat} pm 2.6_{syst}) 10^(-3), which is almost twice more precise than the previous KLOE result. The combination of these two measurements gives AS=(-3.8 pm 5.0_{stat} pm 2.6_{syst}) 10^(-3) and, together with the asymmetry of the KL semileptonic decay, provides significant tests of the CPT symmetry. The obtained results are in agreement with CPT invariance.
Feasibility study of the time reversal symmetry tests in decay of metastable positronium atoms with the J-PET detector
A. Gajos, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwinski, K. Dulski, M. Gorgol, N. Gupta-Sharma, B.C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasinska, K. Kacprzak, L. Kaplon, D. Kisielewska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemien, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz Niedzwiecki, M. Paalka, M. Pawlik-Niedzwiecka, L. Raczynski, J. Raj, Z. Rudy, S. Sharma, Shivani, R. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, W. Wislicki, B. Zgardzinska, M. Zielinski, P. Moskal
abstract
This article reports on the feasibility of testing of the symmetry under reversal in time in a purely leptonic system constituted by positronium atoms using the J-PET detector. The present state of T symmetry tests is discussed with an emphasis on the scarcely explored sector of leptonic systems. Two possible strategies of searching for manifestations of T violation in non-vanishing angular correlations of final state observables in the decays of metastable triplet states of positronium available with J-PET are proposed and discussed. Results of a pilot measurement with J-PET and assessment of its performance in reconstruction of three-photon decays are shown along with an analysis of its impact on the sensitivity of the detector for the determination of T -violation sensitive observables.
Combined limit on the production of a light gauge boson decaying into mu+ mu- and pi+pi-
The KLOE-2 collaboration: A. Anastasi, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, D. Kisielewska-Kamińska, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, M. Silarski, W. Wiślicki, et al.
abstract
We searched for the decay of a light vector gauge boson, also known as dark photon, in the process by means of the Initial State Radiation (ISR) method. We used 1.93 fb^-1 of data collected by the KLOE experiment at the DAFNE phi-factory. No structures have been observed over the irreducible background. A 90% CL limit on the ratio between the dark coupling constant and the fine structure constant of has been set in the dark photon mass region between 519 MeV and 973 MeV. This new limit has been combined with the published result obtained investigating the hypothesis of the dark photon decaying into hadrons in events. The combined 90% CL limit increases the sensitivity especially in the rho-omega interference region and excludes greater than . For dark photon masses greater than 600 MeV the combined limit is lower than 8 resulting more stringent than present constraints from other experiments.
Search for C violation in the decay eta -> pi(0)e(+)e(-) with WASA-at-COSY
R. Adlarson, WAC. Collaboration, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, A. Bondar, M. Buescher, H. Calen, I. Ciepal, H. Clement, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, R. Engels, A. Erven, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, R. Fedorets, K. Foehl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, N. Huesken, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, G. Khatri, A. Khoukaz, A. Khreptak, DA. Kirillov, S. Kistryn, H. Kleines, B. Klos, W. Krzemien, R. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, A. Kuzmin, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, R. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, HP. Morsch, R. Moskal, H. Ohm, W. Parol, EP. Rio, NM. Piskunov, D. Prasuhn, D. Pszczel, K. Pysz, A. Pyszniak, J. Ritman, A. Roy, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, S. Sawant, S. Schadmand, I. Schatti-Ozerianska, et al.
abstract
We report on the search for the rare decay eta -> pi(0)e(+)e(-) which is of interest to study C violation in the electromagnetic interaction which would indicate contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model, since the allowed decay via a two-photon intermediate state is strongly suppressed. The experiment has been performed using the WASA-at-COSY installation, located at the COSY accelerator of the Forschungszentrum Julich, Germany. In total 3 x 10(7) events of the reaction pd -> He-3 eta have been recorded at an excess energy of Q = 59.8MeV. Based on this data set the C parity violating decay eta -> pi(0)gamma* -> pi(0)e(+)e(-) via a single-photon intermediate state has been searched for, resulting in new upper limits of Gamma(eta -> pi(0)e(+) e(-))/Gamma(eta -> pi(+) pi(-) pi(0)) < 3.28 x 10(-5) and Gamma(eta -> pi(0)e(+) e(-))/Gamma(eta -> all)< 7.5 x 10(-6) (CL=90%), respectively. (c) 2018 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Estimating the NEMA characteristics of the J-PET tomograph using the GATE package
P. Kowalski, W. Wiślicki, R.Y. Shopa, L. Raczyński, K. Klimaszewski, C. Curcenau, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, N. Gupta-Sharma, B. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, Ł. Kapłon, D. Kisielewska-Kamińska, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, J. Raj, K. Rakoczy, Z. Rudy, S. Sharma, S. Shivani, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
A novel whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) system based on plastic scintillators is
developed by the J-PET Collaboration. It consists of plastic scintillator strips arranged axially in the
form of a cylinder, allowing the cost-effective construction of the total-body PET system. In order to
determine the properties of the scanner prototype and optimize its geometry, advanced computer
simulations were performed using the GATE (Geant4 application for tomographic emission)
software.
The spatial resolution, sensitivity, scatter fraction and noise equivalent count rate were estimated
according to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association norm, as a function of the length
of the tomograph, the number of detection layers, the diameter of the tomographic chamber and
for various types of applied readout. For the single-layer geometry with a diameter of 85 cm, a strip
length of 100 cm, a cross-section of 4 mm × 20 mm and silicon photomultipliers with an additional
layer of wavelength shifter as the readout, the spatial resolution (full width at half maximum) in
the centre of the scanner is equal to 3 mm (radial, tangential) and 6 mm (axial). For the analogous
double-layer geometry with the same readout, diameter and scintillator length, with a strip crosssection
of 7 mm × 20 mm, a noise equivalent count rate peak of 300 kcps was reached at 40 kBq cc?1
activity concentration, the scatter fraction is estimated to be about 35% and the sensitivity at the
centre amounts to 14.9 cps kBq?1. Sensitivity profiles were also determined.
Isotensor Dibaryon in the pp->pppi+pi- Reaction?
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, O. Khreptak, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, O. Rundel, I. Schätti-Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M.J. Zieliński, et al.
abstract
Exclusive measurements of the quasi-free pp->pppi+pi- reaction have been carried out at WASA@COSY by means of pd collisions at Tp = 1.2 GeV. Total and differential cross sections have been extracted covering the energy region Tp=1.08-1.36 GeV, which is the region of N*(1440) and Delta(1232)Delta(1232) resonance excitations. Calculations describing these excitations by t-channel meson exchange are at variance with the measured differential cross sections and underpredict substantially the experimental total cross section. An isotensor DeltaN dibaryon resonance with I(JP)=2(1+) produced associatedly with a pion is able to overcome these deficiencies.
Isotensor Dibaryon in the pp -> pp pi(+)pi(-) Reaction?
P. Adlarson, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, A. Bondar, M. Buscher, H. Calen, I. Ciepal, H. Clement, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, R. Engels, A. Erven, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, N. Husken, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, A. Khoukaz, O. Khreptak, DA. Kirillov, S. Kistryn, H. Kleines, B. Klos, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, H. Ohm, W. Parol, EP. del Rio, NM. Piskunov, D. Prasuhn, D. Pszczel, K. Pysz, J. Ritman, A. Roy, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, S. Sawant, S. Schadmand, I. Schatti-Ozerianska, T. Sefzick, V. Serdyuk, B. Shwartz, T. Skorodko, M. Skurzok, J. Smyrski, et al.
abstract
Exclusive measurements of the quasifree pp -> pp pi(+)pi(-) reaction have been carried out at WASA@ COSY by means of pd collisions at T-p = 1.2 GeV. Total and differential cross sections have been extracted covering the energy region T-p = 1.08-1.36 GeV, which is the region of N* (1440) and Delta(123)Delta(1232) resonance excitations. Calculations describing these excitations by t-channel meson exchange are at variance with the measured differential cross sections and underpredict substantially the experimental total cross section. An isotensor Delta N dibaryon resonance with I(J(P)) = 2(1(+)) produced associatedly with a pion is able to overcome these deficiencies.
Total and differential cross sections of eta-production in proton-deuteron fusion for excess energies between Q(eta)=13 MeV and Q(eta)=81 MeV
P. Adlarson, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, A. Bondar, M. Buscher, H. Calen, I. Ciepal, H. Clement, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, R. Engels, A. Erveno, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, N. Husken, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, G. Khatri, A. Khoukaz, A. Khreptak, DA. Kirillov, S. Kistryn, H. Kleines, B. Klos, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, A. Kuzmin, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, H. Ohm, W. Parol, EP. del Rio, NM. Piskunovu, D. Prasuhn, D. Pszczel, K. Pysz, A. Pyszniak, J. Ritman, A. Roy, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, S. Sawant, S. Schadmand, I. Schatti-Ozerianska, T. Sefzick, et al.
abstract
New data on both total and differential cross sections of the production of eta mesons in proton-deuteron fusion to He-3 eta in the excess energy region 13.6 MeV <= Q(eta) <= 80.9 MeV are presented. These data have been obtained with the WASA-at-COSY detector setup located at the Forschungszentrum Julich, using a proton beam at 15 different beam momenta between p(p) = 1.60 GeV/c and p(p) = 1.74 GeV/c. While significant structure of the total cross section is observed in the energy region 20 MeV less than or similar to Q(eta) less than or similar to 60 MeV, a previously reported sharp variation around Q(eta) approximate to 50 MeV cannot be confirmed. Angular distributions show the typical forward- peaking that was noted earlier. For the first time, it is possible to study the development of these angular distributions with rising excess energy over a wide interval. (c) 2018 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.
First measurement of the K-n->Lambda pi- non-resonant transition amplitude below threshold
K. Piscicchia, S. Wycech, L. Fabbietti, M. Cargnelli, C. Curceanu, R. Del Grande, J. Marton, P. Moskal, A. Scordo, M. Silarski, D. Sirghi, M. Skurzok, I. Tucakovic, O. Vazquez Doce, J. Zmeskal, P. Branchini, E. Czerwinski, V. De Leo, E. De Lucia, A. Di Cicco, P. Fermani, S. Fiore, W. Krzemien, G. Mandaglio, M. Martini, E. Perez del Rio , A. Selce
abstract
We present the analysis of K- absorption processes on 4He leading to Lambda pi- final states, measured with the KLOE e+e- spectrometer at the DAFNE collider and extract, for the first time, the modulus of the non-resonant K-n->Lambda pi- direct production amplitude about 33 MeV below the KbarN threshold. This analysis also allows to disentangle the K- nuclear absorption at-rest from the in-flight capture, for K- momenta of about 120 MeV. The data are interpreted with the help of a phenomenological model, and the modulus of the non-resonant K-n->Lambda pi- amplitude for K- absorption at-rest is found to be |A_K-n->Lambda pi-| = (0.334+-0.018(stat.)+0.034 -0.058 (syst.)) fm.
Total and differential cross sections of eta-production in proton-deuteron fusion for excess energies between Q_eta=13MeV and Q_eta=81MeV
P. Adlarson, ...,E. Czerwiński, A. Khreptak, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, O. Rundel, M. Skurzok, I. Schätti-Ozerianska, M. Zieliński, et al. (WASA-at-COSY Collaboration)
abstract
New data on both total and differential cross sections of the production of eta mesons in proton-deuteron fusion to 3He-eta in the excess energy region 13.6MeV < Q < 80.9 MeV are presented. These data have been obtained with the WASA-at-COSY detector setup located at the Forschungszentrum Julich, using a proton beam at 15 different beam momenta between p_p=1.60GeV/c and p_p=1.74GeV/c. While significant structure of the total cross section is observed in the energy region 20 MeV < Q < 60MeV, a previously reported sharp variation around Q ~ 50MeV cannot be confirmed. Angular distributions show the typical forward-peaking that was reported elsewhere. For the first time, it is possible to study the development of these angular distributions with rising excess energy over a large interval.
Importance of d-wave contributions in the charge symmetry breaking reaction dd->4Hepi0
P. Adlarson, ...,E. Czerwiński, O. Khreptak, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, O. Rundel, M. Skurzok, M. Zieliński et al. (WASA-at-COSY Collaboration)
abstract
This letter reports the first measurement of the contribution of higher partial waves in the charge symmetry breaking reaction dd->4Hepi0 using the WASA-at-COSY detector setup at an excess energy of Q=60 MeV. The determined differential cross section can be parametrized as dsigma/domega=a+bcos2theta?, where theta? is the production angle of the pion in the center-of-mass coordinate system, and the results for the parameters are a=(1.55+-0.46(stat)+0.32-0.8(syst))pb/sr and b=(13.1+-2.1(stat)+1.0-2.7(syst))pb/sr. The data are compatible with vanishing p-waves and a sizable d-wave contribution. This finding should strongly constrain the contribution of the Delta isobar to the dd->4Hepi0 reaction and is therefore crucial for a quantitative understanding of quark mass effects in nuclear production reactions.
Importance of d-wave contributions in the charge symmetry breaking reaction dd -> He-4 pi0
P. Adlarson, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, A. Bondar, M. Buscher, H. Calen, I. Ciepal, H. Clement, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, R. Engels, A. Erven, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, C. Hanhart, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, N. Husken, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, G. Khatri, A. Khoukaz, O. Khreptak, DA. Kirillov, S. Kistryn, H. Kleines, B. Klos, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, A. Kuzmin, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, H. Ohm, W. Parol, EP. del Rio, NM. Piskunov, D. Prasuhn, D. Pszczel, K. Pysz, A. Pyszniak, J. Ritman, A. Roy, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, S. Sawant, S. Schadmand, I. Schatti-Ozerianska, T. Sefzick, et al.
abstract
This letter reports a first quantitative analysis of the contribution of higher partial waves in the charge symmetry breaking reaction dd -> He-4 pi(0) using the WASA-at-COSY detector setup at an excess energy of Q = 60 MeV. The determined differential cross section can be parametrized as d sigma/d Omega = a + b cos(2) theta*, where theta* is the production angle of the pion in the center-of-mass coordinate system, and the results for the parameters are a = (1.55 +/- 0.46(stat)(-0.8)(+0.32)(syst)) pb/sr and b = (13.1 +/- 2.1(stat)(-2.7)(+1.0)(syst)) pb/sr. The data are compatible with vanishing p-waves and a sizable d-wave contribution. This finding should strongly constrain the contribution of the A isobar to the dd -> He-4 pi(0) reaction and is, therefore, crucial for a quantitative understanding of quark mass effects in nuclear production reactions. (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
Combination of KLOE sigma(e^+e^- e -> pi^+pi^-g(g)) measurements and determination of a_{mu)^{pi^+pi^-} in the energy range 0.10 < s < 0.95 GeV^2
The KLOE-2 collaboration: A. Anastasi, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, D. Kisielewska-Kamińska, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, M. Silarski, W. Wiślicki, et al.
abstract
The three precision measurements of the cross section sigma(e^+e^- e -> pi^+pi^-g(g)) using initial state radiation by the KLOE collaboration provide an important input for the prediction of the hadronic contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. These measurements are correlated for both statistical and systematic uncertainties and, therefore, the simultaneous use of these measurements requires covariance matrices that fully describe the correlations. We present the construction of these covariance matrices and use them to determine a combined KLOE measurement for sigma(e^+e^- e -> pi^+pi^-g(g)). We find, from this combination, a two-pion contribution to the muon magnetic anomaly in the energy range 0.10 < s < 0.95 GeV^2 of a_{mu)^{pi^+pi^-} = (489.8 pm 1.7 stat pm 4.8 sys ) 10^(-10) .
Spin dependence of eta meson production in proton-proton collisions close to threshold
P. Adlarson, ...,E. Czerwiński, O. Khreptak, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, O. Rundel, M. Skurzok, M. Zieliński et al. (WASA-at-COSY Collaboration)
abstract
Taking advantage of the high acceptance and axial symmetry of the WASA-at-COSY detector, and
the high degree of the polarized proton beam of COSY, the reaction ~pp->pp eta has been measured
close to threshold to explore the analyzing power Ay. The angular distribution of Ay is determined
with the precision improved by more than one order of magnitude with respect to previous results
allowing a first accurate comparison with theoretical predictions. The determined analyzing power
is consistent with zero for an excess energy of Q=15 MeV signaling s wave production with no
evidence for higher partial waves. At Q=72 MeV the data reveals strong interference of Ps and
Pp partial waves and cancellation of (Pp) and Ss?Sd contributions. These results rule out the
presently available theoretical predictions for the production mechanism of the eta meson.
Spin Dependence of eta Meson Production in Proton-Proton Collisions Close to Threshold
P. Adlarson, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, SD. Bass, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, A. Bondar, M. Buscher, H. Calen, I. Ciepal, H. Clement, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, R. Engels, A. Erven, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, N. Husken, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, G. Khatri, A. Khoukaz, O. Khreptak, DA. Kirillov, S. Kistryn, H. Kleines, B. Klos, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, A. Kuzmin, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, H. Ohm, W. Parol, EP. del Rio, NM. Piskunov, D. Prasuhn, D. Pszczel, K. Pysz, A. Pyszniak, J. Ritman, A. Roy, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, S. Sawant, S. Schadmand, I. Schatti-Ozerianska, T. Sefzick, et al.
abstract
Taking advantage of the high acceptance and axial symmetry of the WASA-at-COSY detector, and the high polarization degree of the proton beam of COSY, the reaction (p) over right arrowp -> pp eta has been measured close to threshold to explore the analyzing power A(y). The angular distribution of A(y) is determined with the precision improved by more than 1 order of magnitude with respect to previous results, allowing a first accurate comparison with theoretical predictions. The determined analyzing power is consistent with zero for an excess energy of Q = 15 MeV, signaling s-wave production with no evidence for higher partial waves. At Q = 72 MeV the data reveal strong interference of Ps and Pp partial waves and cancellation of (Pp)(2) and Ss*Sd contributions. These results rule out the presently available theoretical predictions for the production mechanism of the eta meson.
A Method to Produce Linearly Polarized Positrons and Positronium Atoms with the J-PET Detector
M. Mohammed, P. Białas, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, M. Gorgol, B.C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, D. Kisielewska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, J. Raj, Z. Rudy, N.G. Sharma, S. Sharma, Shivani, M. Skurzok, M. Silarski, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
A method for creating linearly polarized positrons and ortho-positronium (o-Ps) atoms with the J-PET detector is presented. The unique geometry and properties of the J-PET tomography enable one to design a positron source such that the quantization axis for the estimation of the linear polarization of produced o-Ps can be determined on the event by event basis in a direction of the positron motion. We intend to use 22Na or other beta+ decay isotopes as a source of polarized positrons. Due to the parity violation in the beta decay, the emitted positrons are longitudinally polarized. The choice of the quantization axis is based on the known position of the positron emitter and the reconstructed position of the positronium annihilation. We show that the J-PET tomography is equipped with all needed components.
Human Tissue Investigations Using PALS Technique - Free Radicals Influence
B. Jasińska, B. Zgardzińska, G. Chołubek, M. Pietrow, M. Gorgol, K. Wiktor, K. Wysogląd, P. Białas, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, B.C. Hiesmayr, B. Jodłowska-Jędrych, D. Kamińska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, N.G. Sharma, S. Sharma, R. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, A. Wieczorek, H. Wiktor, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
The positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy was applied to the samples of the human uterine leiomyomas and the normal myometrium tissues taken from the selected place of the uterus during a surgery. The method indicated differences in values of the measured positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy parameters (lifetimes and intensities) between healthy and diseased tissue samples. The additional measurements were performed either in darkness or in presence of visible light which influenced the free radicals present in both kind of tissues and, as a result, made changes in free annihilation and o-Ps decay lifetime and intensity values.
Preliminary Studies of J-PET Detector Spatial Resolution
M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, S. Niedźwiecki, D. Alfs, P. Białas, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, M. Gorgol, B. C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, D. Kisielewska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, J. Raj, Z. Rudy, Shivani, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, N.G. Sharma, S. Sharma, R.Y. Shopa, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
The J-PET detector, based on long plastic scintillator strips, was recently constructed at the Jagiellonian University. It consists of 192 modules axially arranged into three layers, read out from both sides by digital constant-threshold front-end electronics. This work presents preliminary results of measurements of the spatial resolution of the J-PET tomograph performed with 22Na source placed at selected position inside the detector chamber.
Isoscalar single-pion production in the region of Roper and d*(2380) resonances
P. Adlarsona, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, A. Bondar, M. Buscher, H. Calen, I. Ciepal, H. Clement, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, R. Engels, A. Erven, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, N. Husken, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, G. Khatri, A. Khoukaz, O. Khreptak, DA. Kirillov, S. Kistryn, H. Kleines, B. Klos, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, A. Kuzmin, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, H. Ohm, W. Parol, EP. del Rio, NM. Piskunov, D. Prasuhn, D. Pszczel, K. Pysz, A. Pyszniak, J. Ritman, A. Roy, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, S. Sawant, S. Schadmand, I. Schatti-Ozerianska, T. Sefzick, et al.
abstract
Exclusive measurements of the quasi-free pn -> pp pi(-) and pp -> pp pi(0) reactions have been performed by means of pd collisions at T-p= 1.2 GeV using the WASA detector setup at COSY. Total and differential cross sections have been obtained covering the energy region T-p= 0.95-1.3 GeV (root s = 2.3-2.46 GeV), which includes the regions of triangle(1232), N*(1440) and d*(2380) resonance excitations. From these measurements the isoscalar single-pion production has been extracted, for which data existed so far only below T-p = 1 GeV. We observe a substantial increase of this cross section around 1 GeV, which can be related to the Roper resonance N*(1440), the strength of which shows up isolated from the triangle resonance in the isoscalar (N pi)(I=0) invariant-mass spectrum. No evidence for a decay of the dibaryon resonance d*(2380) into the isoscalar (NN pi)(I=0) channel is found. An upper limit of 180 mu b (90% CL.) corresponding to a branching ratio of 9% has been deduced. (c) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
Analysis procedure of the positronium lifetime spectra for the J-PET detector
K. Dulski , B. Zgardzińska , P. Białas , C. Curceanu E. Czerwiński , A. Gajos , B. Głowacz , M. Gorgol , B. C. Hiesmayr , B. Jasińska , D. Kisielewska-Kamińska , G. Korcyl , P. Kowalski , T. Kozik , N. Krawczyk , W. Krzemień , E. Kubicz , M. Mohammed , M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, S. Niedźwiecki , M. Pałka , L. Raczyński , J. Raj , Z. Rudy , N. G. Sharma, S. Sharma, Shivani, R. Y. Shopa, M. Silarski , M. Skurzok , A. Wieczorek , W. Wiślicki , M. Zieliński , P. Moskal
abstract
Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) has shown to be a powerful tool to study the nanostructures of porous materials. Positron Emissions Tomography (PET) are devices allowing imaging of metabolic processes e.g. in human bodies. A newly developed device, the J-PET (Jagiellonian PET), will allow PALS in addition to imaging, thus combining both analyses providing new methods for physics and medicine. In this contribution we present a computer program that is compatible with the J-PET software. We compare its performance with the standard program LT 9.0 by using PALS data from hexane measurements at different temperatures. Our program is based on an iterative procedure, and our fits prove that it performs as good as LT 9.0.
Introduction of total variation regularization into filtered backprojection algorithm
L. Raczyński, W. Wiślicki, K. Klimaszewski, W. Krzemień, P. Kowalski, R. Shopa, P. Białas, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, M. Gorgol, B. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, D. Kisielewska-Kamińska, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, Z. Rudy, N.G. Sharma, S. Sharma, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, A. Wieczorek, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
In this paper we extend the state-of-the-art filtered backprojection (FBP) method with application of the concept of Total Variation regularization. We compare the performance of the new algorithm with the most common form of regularizing in the FBP image reconstruction via apodizing functions. The methods are validated in terms of cross-correlation coefficient between reconstructed and real image of radioactive tracer distribution using standard Derenzo-type phantom. We demonstrate that the proposed approach results in higher cross-correlation values with respect
to the standard FBP method.
Time calibration of the J-PET detector
M. Skurzok, M. Silarski, D. Alfs, P. Bialas, Shivani, C. Curceanu , E. Czerwinski , K. Dulski , A. Gajos, B. G lowacz , M. Gorgol, B. C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasinska, D. Kisielewska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik , N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemien, E. Kubicz , M. Mohammed, M. Pawlik-Niedzwiecka, S. Niedzwiecki, M. Palka, L. Raczynski , J. Raj, Z. Rudy, N. G. Sharma, S. Sharma , R. Y. Shopa , A. Wieczorek, W. Wislicki , B. Zgardzinska, M. Zielinski, P. Moskal
abstract
The Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) project carried out in the Institute of Physics of the Jagiellonian University is focused on construction and tests of the first prototype of PET scanner for medical diagnostic which allows for the simultaneous 3D imaging of the whole human body using organic scintillators. The J-PET prototype consists of 192 scintillator strips forming three cylindrical layers which are optimized for the detection of photons from the electron-positron annihilation with high time- and high angular-resolutions. In this article we present time calibration and synchronization of the whole J-PET detection system by irradiating each single detection module with a 22Na source and a small detector providing common reference time for synchronization of all the modules.
Novel scintillating material 2-(4-styrylphenyl)benzoxazole for the fully digital and MRI compatible J-PET tomograph based on plastic scintillators
A. Wieczorek, K. Dulski, Sz. Niedźwiecki, D. Alfs, P. Białas, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, A. Danel, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, M. Gorgol, B. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, D. Kamińska, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Kucharek, M. Mohammed, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, N. G. Sharma, M. Silarski, T. Uchacz, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
A novel
plastic
scintillator
is developed
for
the
application
in the
digital
positron
emission
tomography
(PET).
The
novelty
of the
concept
lies
in application
of the
2-(4-styrylphenyl)
benzoxazole
as
a wavelength
shifter.
The
substance
has
not
been
used
as
scintillator
dop-
ant
before.
A dopant
shifts
the
scintillation
spectrum
towards
longer
wavelengths
making
it
more
suitable
for
applications
in scintillators
of long
strips
geometry
and
light
detection
with
digital
silicon
photomultipliers.
These
features
open
perspectives
for
the
construction
of the
cost-effective
and
MRI-compatib
le PET
scanner
with
the
large
field
of view.
In this
article
we
present
the
synthesis
method
and
characterize
performance
of the
elaborated
scintillator
by
determining
its
light
emission
spectrum,
light
emission
efficiency,
rising
and
decay
time
of
the
scintillation
pulses
and
resulting
timing
resolution
when
applied
in the
positron
emission
tomography.
The
optimal
concentratio
n of the
novel
wavelength
shifter
was
established
by
maximizing
the
light
output
and
it was
found
to be
0.05
?
for
cuboidal
scintillator
with
dimen-
sions
of 14
mm
x 14
mm
x 20
mm.
Commissioning of the J-PET Detector for Studies of Decays of Positronium Atoms
E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, P. Białas, C. Curceanu, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, M. Gorgol, B.C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, D. Kisielewska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, N.G. Sharma, S. Sharma, R.Y. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
The Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) is a detector for medical imaging of the whole human body as well as for physics studies involving detection of electron?positron annihilation into photons. J-PET has high angular and time resolution, and allows for measurement of spin of the positronium and the momenta and polarization vectors of annihilation quanta. In this article, we present the potential of the J-PET system for the background rejection in the decays of positronium atoms.
J-PET: A New Technology for the Whole-body PET Imaging
S. Niedźwiecki, P. Białas, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, M. Gorgol, B.C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, Ł. Kapłon, D. Kisielewska-Kamińska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, N.G. Sharma, S. Sharma, R.Y. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
The Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) is the first PET built from plastic scintillators. J-PET prototype consists of 192 detection modules arranged axially in three layers forming a cylindrical diagnostic chamber with the inner diameter of 85 cm and the axial field-of-view of 50 cm. An axial arrangement of long strips of plastic scintillators, their small light attenuation, superior timing properties, and relative ease of the increase of the axial field-of-view opens promising perspectives for the cost effective construction of the whole-body PET scanner, as well as construction of MR and CT compatible PET inserts. Present status of the development of the J-PET tomograph will be presented and discussed.
Three-dimensional Image Reconstruction in J-PET Using Filtered Back-projection Method
R.Y. Shopa, K. Klimaszewski, P. Kowalski, W. Krzemień, L. Raczyński, W. Wiślicki, P. Białas, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, M. Gorgol, B. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, D. Kisielewska-Kamińska, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, Z. Rudy, N.G. Sharma, S. Sharma, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, A. Wieczorek, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
We present a method and preliminary results of the image reconstruction in the Jagiellonian PET tomograph. Using GATE (Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission), interactions of the 511 keV photons with a cylindrical detector were generated. Pairs of such photons, flying back-to-back, originate from e+e? annihilations inside a 1 mm spherical source. Spatial and temporal coordinates of hits were smeared using experimental resolutions of the detector. We incorporated the algorithm of the 3D Filtered Back Projection, implemented in the STIR and TomoPy software packages, which differ in approximation methods. Consistent results for the Point Spread Functions of ? 5 ÷ 7 mm and ? 9 ÷ 20 mm were obtained, using STIR, for transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively, with no time-of-flight information included.
Human Tissues Investigation Using PALS Technique
B. Jasińska, B. Zgardzińska, G. Chołubek, M. Gorgol, K. Wiktor, K. Wysogląd, P. Białas, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, B. Hiesmayr, B. Jodłowska-Jędrych, D. Kamińska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, N.G. Sharma, S. Sharma, R. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, A. Wieczorek, H. Wiktor, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
Samples of uterine leiomyomatis and normal tissues taken from patients after surgery were investigated using the Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS). Significant differences in all PALS parameters between normal and diseased tissues were observed. For all studied patients, it was found that the values of the free annihilation and ortho-positronium lifetime are larger for the tumorous tissues than for the healthy ones. For most of the patients, the intensity of the free annihilation and ortho-positronium annihilation was smaller for the tumorous than for the healthy tissues. For the first time, in this kind of studies, the 3? fraction of positron annihilation was determined to describe changes in the tissue porosity during morphologic alteration.
Human Tissues Investigation Using PALS Technique
B. Jasińska, B. Zgardzińska, G. Chołubek, M. Gorgol, K. Wiktor, K. Wysogląd, P. Białas, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, B.C. Hiesmayr, B. Jodłowska-Jędrych, D. Kamińska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, N.G. Sharma, S. Sharma, R. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, A. Wieczorek, H. Wiktor, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
Samples of uterine leiomyomatis and normal tissues taken from patients
after surgery were investigated using the Positron Annihilation Lifetime
Spectroscopy (PALS). Significant differences in all PALS parameters
between normal and diseased tissues were observed. For all studied patients,
it was found that the values of the free annihilation and orthopositronium
lifetime are larger for the tumorous tissues than for the healthy
ones. For most of the patients, the intensity of the free annihilation and
ortho-positronium annihilation was smaller for the tumorous than for the
healthy tissues. For the first time, in this kind of studies, the 3gamma fraction
of positron annihilation was determined to describe changes in the tissue
porosity during morphologic alteration.
Multichannel FPGA based MVT system for high precision time (20 ps RMS) and charge measurement
M. Palka, P. Strzempek, G. Korcyl, T. Bednarski, S. Niedzwiecki, P. Bialas, E. Czerwinski, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Glowacz, M. Gorgol, B. Jasinska, D. Kaminska, M. Kajetanowicz, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemien, E. Kubicz, M. Mohhamed, L. Raczynski, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, P. Salabura, NG. Sharma, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wislicki, M. Zielinski, B. Zgardzinska, P. Moskal
abstract
In this article it is presented an FPGA based Multi-Voltage Threshold (MVT) system which allows of sampling fast signals (1-2 ns rising and falling edge) in both voltage and time domain. It is possible to achieve a precision of time measurement of 20 ps RMS and reconstruct charge of signals, using a simple approach, with deviation from real value smaller than 10%. Utilization of the differential inputs of an FPGA chip as comparators together with an implementation of a TDC inside an FPGA allowed us to achieve a compact multi-channel system characterized by low power consumption and low production costs. This paper describes realization and functioning of the system comprising 192-channel TDC board and a four mezzanine cards which split incoming signals and discriminate them. The boards have been used to validate a newly developed Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography system based on plastic scintillators. The achieved full system time resolution of sigma (TOF) approximate to 68 ps is by factor of two better with respect to the current TOF-PET systems.
Measurement of the omega->pi+pi-pi0 Dalitz plot distribution
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, O. Khreptak, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, O. Rundel, I. Schätti-Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M.J. Zieliński, et al.
abstract
Using the production reactions pd->3Heomega and pp->pp omega, the Dalitz plot distribution for the omega->pi+pi-pi0 decay is studied with the WASA detector at COSY, based on a combined data sample of (4.408+-0.042)*10^4 events. The Dalitz plot density is parametrised by a product of the P-wave phase space and a polynomial expansion in the normalised polar Dalitz plot variables Z and phi. For the first time, a deviation from pure P-wave phase space is observed with a significance of 4.1 sigma. The deviation is parametrised by a linear term 1+2 alpha Z, with alpha determined to be +0.147+-0.036, consistent with the expectations of rho-meson-type final-state interactions of the P-wave pion pairs.
Measurement of the omega -> pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) Dalitz plot distribution The WASA-at-COSY Collaboration
P. Adlarson, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, A. Bondar, M. Buscher, H. Calen, I. Ciepal, H. Clement, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, R. Engels, A. Erven, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, N. Husken, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, FA. Khan, G. Khatri, A. Khoukaz, O. Khreptak, DA. Kirillov, S. Kistryn, H. Kleines, B. Klos, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, A. Kuzmin, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, H. Ohm, EP. del Rio, NM. Piskunov, D. Prasuhn, D. Pszczel, K. Pysz, A. Pyszniak, J. Ritman, A. Roy, Z. RudyC, O. Rundel, S. Sawant, S. Schadmand, I. Schatti-Ozerianska, T. Sefzick, et al.
abstract
Using the production reactions pd -> He-3 omega and pp -> pp omega, the Dalitz plot distribution for the omega -> pi(+)pi(-)pi(0)decay is studied with the WASA detector at COSY, based on a combined data sample of (4.408 +/- 0.042) x 10(4) events. The Dalitz plot density is parametrised by a product of the P-wave phase space and a polynomial expansion in the normalised polar Dalitz plot variables Z and phi. For the first time, a deviation from pure P-wave phase space is observed with a significance of 4.1 sigma. The deviation is parametrised by a linear term 1+2 alpha Z, with alpha determined to be +0.147 +/- 0.036, consistent with the expectations of rho-meson-type final-state interactions of the P-wave pion pairs. (C) 2017 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Calculation of the time resolution of the J-PET tomograph using kernel density estimation
L. Raczyński, W. Wiślicki, W. Krzemień, P. Kowalski, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, M. Gorgol, B. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, D. Kamińska, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, N. Gupta-Sharma, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński and P. Moskal
abstract
In this paper we estimate the time resolution of the J-PET scanner built from plastic scintillators. We incorporate the method of signal processing using the Tikhonov regularization framework and the kernel density estimation method. We obtain simple, closed-form analytical formulae for time resolution. The proposed method is validated using signals registered by means of the single detection unit of the J-PET tomograph built from a 30?cm long plastic scintillator strip. It is shown that the experimental and theoretical results obtained for the J-PET scanner equipped with vacuum tube photomultipliers are consistent.
Measurement of gamma quantum interaction point in plastic scintillator with WLS strips
J. Smyrski, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, N. Gupta-Sharma, M. Gorgol, B. Jasińska, M. Kajetanowicz, D. Kamińska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, W. Krzemień, N. Krawczyk, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, M. Silarski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, J. Wojnarska, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
The feasibility of measuring the aśxial coordinate of a gamma quantum interaction point in a plastic scintillator
bar via the detection of scintillation photons escaping from the scintillator with an array of wavelength-shifting
(WLS) strips is demonstrated. Using a test set-up comprising a BC-420 scintillator bar and an array of sixteen
BC-482A WLS strips we achieved a spatial resolution of 5 mm (?) for annihilation photons from a 22Na isotope.
The studied method can be used to improve the spatial resolution of a plastic-scintillator-based PET scanner
which is being developed by the J-PET collaboration.
Search for eta-mesic He-4 in the dd -> (3)Hen pi(0) and dd -> (3)Hep pi(-) reactions with the WASA-at-COSY facility
P. Adlarson, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, A. Bondar, M. Buscher, H. Calen, I. Ciepal, H. Clement, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, R. Engels, A. Erven, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, E. Goldenbaum, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, N. Husken, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, NG. Kelkar, G. Kemmerling, G. Khatri, A. Khoukaz, O. Khreptak, DA. Kirillov, S. Kistryn, H. Kleines, B. Klos, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, A. Kuzmin, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, B. Lorentz, A. Magierae, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, H. Ohm, EP. del Rio, NM. Piskunov, D. Prasuhn, D. Pszczel, K. Pysz, A. Pyszniak, J. Ritman, A. Roy, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, S. Sawant, S. Schadmand, I. Schatti-Ozerianska, T. Sefzick, et al.
abstract
The search for He-4-eta bound states was performed with the WASA-at-COSY facility via the measurement of the excitation function for the dd -> (3)Hen pi(0) and dd -> (3)Hep pi(-) processes. The deuteron beam momentum was varied continuously between 2.127 GeV/c and 2.422 GeV/c, corresponding to the excess energy for the dd -> He-4 eta reaction ranging from Q = 70 MeV to Q = 30 MeV. The luminosity was determined based on the dd -> (3)Hen reaction and the quasi-free proton proton scattering via dd -> ppn(spectator)n(spectator) reactions. The excitation functions, determined independently for the measured reactions, do not reveal a structure which could be interpreted as a narrow mesic nucleus. Therefore, the upper limits of the total cross sections for the bound state production and decay in dd -> (4He-eta)(bound) -> (3)Hen pi(0) and dd -> (He-4-eta)(bound) -> (3)Hep pi(-) processes were determined taking into account the isospin relation between the both of the considered channels. The results of the analysis depend on the assumptions of the N* (1535) momentum distribution in the anticipated mesic-He-4. Assuming, as in the previous works, that this is identical with the distribution of nucleons bound with 20 MeV in He-4, we determined that (for the mesic bound state width in the range from 5 MeV to 50 MeV) the upper limits at 90% confidence level are about 3 nb and about 6 nb for n pi(0) and p pi(-) channels, respectively. However, based on the recent theoretical findings of the N*(1535) momentum distribution in the N*-He-3 nucleus bound by 3.6 MeV, we find that the WASA-at-COSY detector acceptance decreases and hence the corresponding upper limits are 5 nb and 10 nb for n pi(0) and p pi(-) channels respectively. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Search for eta-mesic 4He in the dd->3He n pi0 and dd->3He p pi- reactions with the WASA-at-COSY facility
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, O. Khreptak, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, O. Rundel, I. Schätti-Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M.J. Zieliński, et al.
abstract
The search for 4He-eta bound states was performed with the WASA-at-COSY facility via the measurement of the excitation function for the dd->3Henpi0 and dd->3Hepi- processes. The deuteron beam momentum was varied continuously between 2.127 GeV/c and 2.422 GeV/c, corresponding to the excess energy for the dd-> 4He eta reaction ranging from Q = -70 MeV to Q = 30 MeV. The luminosity was determined based on the dd-> 3Hen reaction and the quasi-free proton-proton scattering via dd -> ppn_spectator n_spectator reactions. The excitation functions, determined independently for the measured reactions, do not reveal a structure which could be interpreted as a narrow mesic nucleus. Therefore, the upper limits of the total cross sections for the bound state production and decay in dd->(4He-eta)bound->3Henpi0 and dd->(4He-eta)bound->3Hepi- processes were determined taking into account the isospin relation between the both of the considered channels. The results of the analysis depend on the assumptions of the N*(1535) momentum distribution in the anticipated mesic-4He. Assuming, as in the previous works, that this is identical with the distribution of nucleons bound with 20 MeV in 4He, we determined that (for the mesic bound state width in the range
from 5 MeV to 50 MeV) the upper limits at 90% confidence level are about 3 nb and about 6 nb for npi0 and p pi- channels, respectively. However, based on the recent theoretical findings of the N*(1535) momentum distribution in the N* -3He nucleus bound by 3.6 MeV, we find that the WASA-at-COSY detector acceptance decreases and hence the corresponding upper limits are 5 nb and 10 nb for n pi0 and p pi- channels respectively.
Measurements of branching ratios for eta decays into charged particles
P. AdlarsoN, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, A. Bondar, M. Buscher, H. Calen, I. Ciepal, H. Clement, D. Coderre, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, R. Engels, A. Erven, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, N. Husken, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, FA. Khan, G. Khatri, A. Khoukaz, DA. Kirillov, S. Kistryn, H. Kleines, B. Klos, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, A. Kuzmin, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, M. Mikirtychiants, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, H. Ohm, I. Ozerianska, EP. del Rio, NM. Piskunov, D. Prasuhn, D. Pszczel, K. Pysz, A. Pyszniak, J. Ritman, A. Roy, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, S. Sawant, S. Schadmand, et al.
abstract
The WASA-at-COSY experiment has collected 3 x 10(7) events with eta mesons produced via the reaction pd -> He-3 eta at T = 1.0 GeV. Using this data set, we evaluate the branching ratios of the decays eta -> pi(+)pi(-)gamma, eta -> e(+)e(-)gamma, eta -> pi(+)pi(-)e(+)e(-), and eta -> e(+)e(-)e(+)e(-). The branching ratios are normalized to the eta -> pi(+)pi(-) pi(0) decay. In addition an upper limit on a CP-violating asymmetry in eta -> pi(+)pi(-)e(+)e(-) is extracted.
Measurement of the running of the fine structure constant below 1 GeV with the KLOE detector
KLOE-2 Collaboration: A. Anastasi, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, D. Kamińska, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, M. Silarski, W. Wiślicki, et al.
abstract
We have measured the running of the effective QED coupling constant alpha(s) in the time-like region 0.6
J-PET: A Novel TOF -PET scanner using Organic Scintillators
N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, M. Gorgol, B. Jasińska, D. Kamińska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, W. Krzemień, N. Krawczyk, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, A. Wieczorek, W. Wislicki, M. Zieliński, B. Zgardzińska, P. Moskal
abstract
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is one of the most advanced nuclear medicine imaging techniques that
have potential to identify many diseases (like cancers, heart diseases, neurological disorders and other abnormalities) in vivo in the earliest stages. However, production of PET modalities for covering the whole human body is economically unrealistic when applying the current technologies. In order to achieve a goal of more economical PET scanner with large geometrical acceptance and improved time resolution, the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomography (J-PET) Collaboration is realizing a new project aiming at construction of TOF-PET detector using plastic scintillators instead of crystals. Novelty of the J-PET scanner lies in: (i) application of plastic scintillators as well as in (ii) its front-end electronics which allows signal sampling in voltage domain, (iii) a trigger-less data acquisition system, and (iv) the new time and hit-position reconstruction methods. Moreover, the proposed solution enables to increase the axial field-of-view of the tomograph by extending the length of the plastic scintillator strips without changing the number of photomultipliers and electronic channels.
Search for an isospin I=3 dibaryon
P. Adlarson, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, A. Bondar, M. Buscher, H. Calen, I. Ciepal, H. Clement, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, R. Engels, A. Erven, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, N. Husken, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, FA. Khan, G. Khatri, A. Khoukaz, O. Khreptak, DA. Kirillov, S. Kistryn, H. Kleines, B. Klos, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, A. Kuzmin, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, H. Ohm, EP. del Rio, NM. Piskunov, D. Prasuhnl, D. Pszczel, K. Pysz, A. Pyszniak, J. Ritman, A. Roy, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, S. Sawant, S. Schadmand, I. Schatti-Ozerianska, T. Sefzick, et al.
abstract
Various theoretical calculations based on QCD or hadronic interactions predict that in addition to the recently observed dibaryon resonance d*(2380) with I(J(P)) = 3(0(+)) there should also exist a dibaryon resonance with mirrored quantum numbers I(J(P)) = 3(0(+)). We report here on a search for such a NN-decoupled state in data on the pp -> pp pi(+) pi(+) pi(-) pi(-) reaction. Since no clear-cut evidence has been found, we give upper limits for the production cross section of such a resonance in the mass range 2280-2500 MeV. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
A feasibility study of ortho-positronium decays measurement with the J-PET scanner based on plastic scintillators
D. Kamińska, A. Gajos, E. Czerwiński, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, C. Curceanu, K. Dulski, B. Głowacz, N. Gupta-Sharma, M. Gorgol, B. C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, W. Krzemień, N. Krawczyk, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, M. Silarski, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
We present a study of the application of the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) for the registration of gamma quanta from decays of ortho-positronium (o-Ps). The J-PET is the first positron emission tomography scanner based on organic scintillators in contrast to all current PET scanners based on inorganic crystals. Monte Carlo simulations show that the J-PET as an axially symmetric and high acceptance scanner can be used as a multi-purpose detector well suited to pursue research including e.g. tests of discrete symmetries in decays of ortho-positronium in addition
to the medical imaging. The gamma quanta originating from o-Ps decay interact in the plastic scintillators predominantly via the Compton effect, making the direct measurement of their energy impossible. Nevertheless, it is shown in this paper that the J-PET scanner will enable studies of the o-Ps->3g decays with angular and energy resolution equal to sigma(theta) = 0.4^{circ} and sigma(E) = 4.1 keV, respectively. An order of magnitude shorter decay time of signals from plastic scintillators with respect to the inorganic crystals results not only in better timing properties crucial for the reduction of physical and instrumental background, but also suppresses significantly the pileups, thus enabling compensation of the lower efficiency of the plastic scintillators by performing measurements with higher positron source activities.
Measurement of the phi -> pi(0)e(+)e(-) transition form factor with the KLOE detector
A. Anastasi, D. Babusci, G. Bencivenni, M. Berlowski, C. Bloise, F. Bossi, P. Branchini, A. Budano, LC. Balkestahl, B. Cao, F. Ceradini, P. Ciambrone, F. Curciarello, E. Czerwinski, G. D'Agostini, E. Dane, V. De Leo, E. De Lucia, A. De Santis, P. De Simone, A. Di Cicco, A. Di Domenico, R. Di Salvo, D. Domenici, A. D'Uffizi, A. Fantini, G. Felici, S. Fiore, A. Gajos, P. Gauzzi, G. Giardina, S. Giovannella, E. Graziani, F. Happacher, L. Heijkenskjold, WI. Andersson, T. Johansson, D. Kaminska, W. Krzemien, A. Kupsc, S. Loffredo, G. Mandaglio, M. Martini, M. Mascolo, R. Messi, S. Miscetti, G. Morello, D. Moricciani, P. Moskal, M. Papenbrock, A. Passeri, V. Patera, EP. del Rio, A. Ranieri, P. Salabura, P. Santangelo, I. Sarra, M. Schioppa, M. Silarski, F. Sirghi, L. Tortora, G. Venanzoni, W. Wislicki, M. Wolke
abstract
A measurement of the vector to pseudoscalar conversion decay phi -> pi(0)e(+)e(-) with the KLOE experiment is presented. A sample of similar to 9500 signal events was selected from a data set of 1.7 fb(-1) of e(+)e(-) collisions at root s similar to m(phi) collected at the DA Phi NE e(+)e(-) collider. These events were used to perform the first measurement of the transition form factor vertical bar F(phi pi)0(q(2))vertical bar and a new measurement of the branching ratio of the decay: BR (phi -> pi(0)e(+)e(-)) = (1.35 +/- 0.05(-0.10)(+0.05)) x 10(-5). The result improves significantly on previous measurements and is in agreement with theoretical predictions. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP(3).
Search for an Isospin I =3 Dibaryon
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, O. Khreptak, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, O. Rundel, I. Schätti-Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M.J. Zieliński, et al.
abstract
Various theoretical calculations based on QCD or hadronic interactions predict that in addition to the recently observed dibaryon resonance d*(2380) with I(JP)=0(3+) there should also exist a dibaryon resonance with mirrored quantum numbers I(JP)=3(0+). We report here on a search for such a NN-decoupled state in data on the pp -> pp pi+ pi+ pi- pi- reaction.
Measurement of the (n)over-right-arrowp -> d pi(0) pi(0) reaction with polarized beam in the region of the d(*)(2380) resonance
P. Adlarson, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, A. Bondar, M. Buscher, H. Caleen, I. Ciepa, H. Clement, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, R. Engels, A. Erven, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Foohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, N. Husken, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, FA. Khan, G. Khatri, A. Khoukaz, DA. Kirillov, S. Kistryn, H. Kleines, B. Klos, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, A. Kuzmin, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, H. Ohm, EP. del Rio, NM. Piskunov, D. Prasuhn, D. Pszczel, K. Pysz, A. Pyszniak, J. Ritman, A. Roy, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, S. Sawant, S. Schadmand, I. Schatti-Ozerianska, T. Sefzick, V. Serdyuk, et al.
abstract
We report on a high-statistics measurement of the most basic double-pionic fusion reaction over the energy region of the d (*)(2380) resonance by use of a polarized deuteron beam and observing the double fusion reaction in the quasifree scattering mode. The measurements were performed with the WASA detector setup at COSY. The data reveal substantial analyzing powers and confirm conclusions about the d(*) resonance obtained from unpolarized measurements. We also confirm the previous unpolarized data obtained under complementary kinematic conditions.
Limit on the production of a new vector boson in e+e- -> Ug, U -> pi+pi- with the KLOE experiment
KLOE-2 Collaboration: A. Anastasi, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, D. Kamińska, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, M. Silarski, W. Wiślicki et al.
abstract
The recent interest in a light gauge boson in the framework of an extra U(1) symmetry motivates searches in the mass range below 1 GeV. We present a search for such a particle, the dark photon, in e+e->Ug , U->pi+pi- based on 28 million e+e->pi+pi-g events collected at DAFNE by the KLOE experiment. The pi+pi- production by initial-state radiation compensates for a loss of sensitivity of previous KLOE U->e+e-, mu+mu- searches due to the small branching ratios in the rho-omega resonance region. We found no evidence for a signal and set a limit at 90% CL on the mixing strength between the photon and the dark photon, epsilon^2 , in the U mass range between 527 and 987MeV . Above 700 MeV this new limit is more stringent than previous ones.
Determination of the 3gamma Fraction from Positron Annihilation in Mesoporous Materials for Symmetry Violation Experiment with J-PET Scanner
B. Jasińska, M. Gorgol, M. Wiertel, R. Zaleski, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos B. Głowacz, D. Kamińska, Ł. Kapłon, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
Various mesoporous materials were investigated to choose the best material for experiments requiring high yield of long-lived positronium. We found that the fraction of 3? annihilation determined using ?-ray energy spectra and positron annihilation lifetime spectra (PAL) changed from 20% to 25%. The 3? fraction and o-Ps formation probability in the polymer XAD-4 is found to be the largest. Elemental analysis performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope EDS shows high purity of the investigated materials.
Sampling FEE and Trigger-less DAQ for the J-PET Scanner
G. Korcyl, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, B. Jasińska, D. Kamińska Ł. Kapłon, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, K. Stoła, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, B.K. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
In this paper, we present a complete Data Acquisition System (DAQ) together with the readout mechanisms for the J-PET tomography scanner. In general, detector readout chain is constructed out of Front-End Electronics (FEE) measurement devices such as Time-to-Digital or Analog-to-Digital Converters (TDCs or ADCs), data collectors and storage. We have developed a system capable for maintaining continuous readout of digitized data without preliminary selection. Such operation mode results in up to 8 Gbps data stream, therefore, it is required to introduce a dedicated module for on-line event building and feature extraction. The Central Controller Module, equipped with Xilinx Zynq SoC and 16 optical transceivers, serves as such true real time computing facility. Our solution for the continuous data recording (trigger-less) is a novel approach in such detector systems and assures that most of the information is preserved on the storage for further, high-level processing. Signal discrimination applies a unique method of using LVDS buffers located in the FPGA fabric.
Beam Profile Investigation of the New Collimator System for the J-PET Detector
E. Kubicz, M. Silarski, A. Wieczorek, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, B. Jasińska D. Kamińska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, M. Mohammed, I. Moskal, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, A. Strzelecki, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, B. Zgardzińska, P. Moskal
abstract
Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) is a multi-purpose detector which will be used for search for discrete symmetries violations in the decays of positronium atoms and for investigations with positronium atoms in life-sciences and medical diagnostics. In this article, we present three methods for determination of the beam profile of collimated annihilation gamma quanta. Precise monitoring of this profile is essential for time and energy calibration of the J-PET detector and for the determination of the library of model signals used in the hit-time and hit-position reconstruction. We have shown that usage of two lead bricks with dimensions of 5 × 10 × 20 cm3 enables to form a beam of annihilation quanta with Gaussian profile characterized by 1 mm FWHM. Determination of this characteristic is essential for designing and construction the collimator system for the 24-module J-PET prototype. Simulations of the beam profile for different collimator dimensions were performed. This allowed us to choose optimal collimation system in terms of the beam profile parameters, dimensions and weight of the collimator taking into account the design of the 24-module J-PET detector.
Scatter Fraction of the J-PET Tomography Scanner
P. Kowalski, W. Wiślicki, L. Raczyński, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, J. Jasińska D. Kamińska, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammad, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, Z. Rudy, M. Silarski, A. Wieczorek, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
A novel Positron Emission Tomography system, based on plastic scintillators, is being developed by the J-PET Collaboration. In this article, we present the simulation results of the scatter fraction, representing one of the parameters crucial for background studies defined in the NEMA-NU-2-2012 norm. We elaborate an event selection methods allowing to suppress events in which gamma quanta were scattered in the phantom or underwent the multiple scattering in the detector. The estimated scatter fraction for the single-layer J-PET scanner varies from 37% to 53% depending on the applied energy threshold.
Application of the compress sensing theory for improvement of the TOF resolution in a novel J-PET instrument
L. Raczyński, P. Moskal, P. Kowalski, W. Wiślicki, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N. Gupta-Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
Trilateration-based reconstruction of ortho-positronium decays into three photons with the J-PET detector
A. Gajos, D. Kamińska, E. Czerwiński, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, B. Głowacz, M. Gorgol, B. Jasińska, Ł. Kapłon, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
This work reports on a new reconstruction algorithm allowing us to reconstruct the decays of ortho-positronium atoms into three photons using the places and times of photons recorded in the detector. The method is based on trilateration and allows for a simultaneous reconstruction of both location and time of the decay. Results of resolution tests of the new reconstruction in the J-PET detector based on Monte Carlo simulations are presented, which yield a spatial resolution at the level of 2 cm (FWHM) for X and Y and at the level of 1 cm (FWHM) for Z available with the present resolution of J-PET after application of a kinematic fit. Prospects of employment of this method for studying angular correlations of photons in decays of polarized ortho-positronia for the needs of tests of CP and CPT discrete symmetries are also discussed. The new reconstruction method allows for discrimination of background from random three-photon coincidences as well as for application of a novel method for determination of the linear polarization of ortho-positronium atoms, which is also introduced in this work.
Time resolution of the plastic scintillator strips with matrix photomultiplier readout for J-PET tomograph
P. Moskal, O. Rundel, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, K. Giergiel, M. Gorgol, B. Jasińska, D. Kamińska, Ł. Kapłon, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, N.G. Sharma, A. Słomski, M. Silarski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, P. Witkowski, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
Recent tests of a single module of the Jagiellonian Positron Emission
Tomography system (J-PET) consisting of 30 cm long plastic scintillator
strips have proven its applicability for the detection of annihilation quanta
(0.511 MeV) with a coincidence resolving time (CRT) of 0.266 ns. The
achieved resolution is almost by a factor of two better with respect to the
current TOF-PET detectors and it can still be improved since, as it is shown
in this article, the intrinsic limit of time resolution for the determination of
time of the interaction of 0.511 MeV gamma quanta in plastic scintillators
is much lower. As the major point of the article, a method allowing to
record timestamps of several photons, at two ends of the scintillator strip,
by means of matrix of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) is introduced. As a
result of simulations, conducted with the number of SiPM varying from 4 to 42, it is shown that the improvement of timing resolution saturates with
the growing number of photomultipliers, and that the 2×5 configuration at
two ends allowing to read twenty timestamps, constitutes an optimal solution.
The conducted simulations accounted for the emission time distribution,
photon transport and absorption inside the scintillator, as well as quantum
efficiency and transit time spread of photosensors, and were checked based on
the experimental results. Application of the 2×5 matrix of SiPM allows for
achieving the coincidence resolving time in positron emission tomography of
0.170 ns for 15 cm axial field-of-view (AFOV) and 0.365 ns for 100 cm
AFOV. The results open perspectives for construction of a cost-effective TOFPET
scanner with significantly better TOF resolution and larger AFOV with
respect to the current TOF-PET modalities.
Overview of the software architecture and data flow for the J-PET tomography device
W. Krzemień, D. Alfs, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, B. Jasińska, D. Kamińska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, E. Kubicz, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, M. Silarski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
Modern TOF-PET scanner systems require high-speed computing resources for efficient data processing, monitoring and image reconstruction. In this article we present the data flow and software architecture for the novel TOF-PET scanner developed by the J-PET collaboration. We discuss the data acquisition system, reconstruction framework and some image reconstruction issues. Also, the concept of computing outside hospitals in the remote centers such as 'Swierk Computing Centre in Poland is presented
Potential of the J-PET Detector for Studies of Discrete Symmetries in Decays of Positronium Atom - a Purely Leptonic System
P. Moskal, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwinski, C. Curceanu, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, M. Gorgol, B.C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasinska, D. Kaminska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemien , N. Krawczyk, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedzwiecki, M. Pawlik-Niedzwiecka, L. Raczynski, Z. Rudy, M. Silarski, A. Wieczorek, W. Wislicki, M. Zielinski
abstract
The Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) was constructed
as a prototype of the cost-effective scanner for the simultaneous
metabolic imaging of the whole human body. Being optimized for the detection
of photons from the electron?positron annihilation with high timeand
high angular-resolution, it constitutes a multi-purpose detector providing
new opportunities for studying the decays of positronium atoms.
Positronium is the lightest purely leptonic object decaying into photons.
As an atom bound by a central potential, it is a parity eigenstate, and
as an atom built out of an electron and an anti-electron, it is an eigenstate
of the charge conjugation operator. Therefore, the positronium is
a unique laboratory to study discrete symmetries whose precision is limited,
in principle, by the effects due to the weak interactions expected at the level of (10????14) and photon?photon interactions expected at the
level of (10????9). The J-PET detector enables to perform tests of discrete
symmetries in the leptonic sector via the determination of the expectation
values of the discrete-symmetries-odd operators, which may be constructed
from the spin of ortho-positronium atom and the momenta and polarization
vectors of photons originating from its annihilation. In this article, we
present the potential of the J-PET detector to test the C, CP, T and CPT
symmetries in the decays of positronium atoms.
Upper limits for the production of the eta-mesic Helium in the dd ->3Henpi0 and dd -> 3Heppi- reactions
M. Skurzok, W. Krzemień, O. Rundel, P. Moskal
abstract
We performed a search for 4 He-eta bound state in dd->3He n pi0 and dd->3He p pi- reactions with the WASA-at-COSY facility using a ramped beam technique. The measurement was carried out with high statistics and high acceptance. The signature of eta-mesic nuclei was searched for by the measurement of the excitation functions in the vicinity of the eta production threshold for each of the considered channels. We did not observe the narrow structure which could be interpreted as a bound state. The preliminary upper limits of the total cross sections for the bound state production and decay varies from 21 nb to 36 nb for the dd->3He n pi0 channel, and from 5 nb to 9 nb for the dd->3He p pi- channel for the bound state width ranging from 5 to 50 MeV.
Precision measurement of the eta to pi+pi-pi0 Dalitz plot distribution with the KLOE detector
KLOE-2 Collaboration: A. Anastasi, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, D. Kamińska, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, M. Silarski, W. Wiślicki, et al.
abstract
Using 1.6 fb^-1 of e+e-to phi eta gamma data collected with the KLOE detector at DAFNE, the Dalitz plot distribution for the eta to pi+ pi- pi0 decay is studied with the world's largest sample of ~4.7 10^6 events. The Dalitz plot density is parametrized as a polynomial expansion up to cubic terms in the normalized dimensionless variables X and Y. The experiment is sensitive to all charge conjugation conserving terms of the expansion, including a gX2Y term. The statistical uncertainty of all parameters is improved by a factor two with respect to earlier measurements.
Measurement of the phi->pi0e+e- transition form factor with the KLOE detector
KLOE-2 Collaboration: A. Anastasi, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, D. Kamińska, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, M. Silarski, W. Wiślicki, et al.
abstract
A measurement of the vector to pseudoscalar conversion decay phi->pi0e+e- with the KLOE experiment is presented. A sample of ~9500 signal events was selected from a data set of 1.7 fb^(-1) of e+e- collisions at sqrt(s)~m(phi) collected at the DAFNE e+e- collider. These events were used to obtain the first measurement of the transition form factor |F_{phi,pi^0}(q2)| and a new measurement of the branching ratio of the decay: BR(phi->pi0e+e-)=(1.35+/-0.05+0.05?0.10)×10^(-5). The result improves significantly on previous measurements and is in agreement with theoretical predictions.
Measurement of the vec{n} p->d pi0 pi0 Reaction with Polarized Beam in the Region of the d*(2380) Resonance
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, M. Hodana, J. Klaja, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, I. Ozerianska, O. Rundel, M. Skurzok, M. Zieliński et al.
abstract
We report on a high-statistics measurement of the most basic double pionic fusion reaction vec{n}p -> dpi0pi0 over the energy region of the d*(2380) resonance by use of a polarized deuteron beam and observing the double fusion reaction in the quasifree scattering mode. The measurements were performed with the WASA detector setup at COSY. The data reveal substantial analyzing powers and confirm conclusions about the d? resonance obtained from unpolarized measurements. We also confirm the previous unpolarized data obtained under complementary kinematic conditions.
J-PET: A Novel TOF-PFT Detector based on Plastic Scintillators
P. Moskal, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Bialas, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwinski, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Glowacz, M. Gorgol, B. Hiesmayr, B. Jasinska, D. Kaminska, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemien, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, M. Pawlik-Niedzwiecka, S. Niedzwiecki, M. Palka, L. Raczynski, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, NG. Sharma, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wislicki, B. Zgardzinska, M. Zielinski
abstract
The purpose of the reported research is the elaboration of the method for construction of the cost-effective whole body single-bed positron emission tomography scanner enabling simultaneous PET/CT and PET/MR imaging The Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) is built out of 192 scintillator strips arranged axially in three layers forming a cylindrical diagnostic chamber with the diameter of 85 cm and axial field of-view of 50 cm. The novelty of the concept lies in employing long strips of plastic scintillators instead of crystals as detectors of the annihilation quanta, and in using the timing of signals instead of their amplitudes for the reconstruction of Lines-of Response. To take advantage of the superior timing properties of plastic scintillators a novel multi-voltage-threshold front-end electronics was developed allowing for sampling of signals in a voltage domain. An axial arrangement of long strips of plastic scintillators, and their small light attenuation allows us to make a TOE-PET scanner with a long axial field-of-view. The presented solution opens unique possibilities of combining PET with CT and PET with MRI for scanning the same part of a patient at the same time with both methods. The relative ease of the cost effective increase of the axial field-of-view makes the J-PET tomograph competitive with respect to the current commercial PET scanners as regards sensitivity and time resolution.
Statistical Analysis of Time Resolution of the J-PET Scanner
L. Raczynski, W. Wislicki, P. Kowalski, W. Krzemien, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Bialas, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwinski, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Glowacz, M. Gorgol, B. Hiesmayr, B. Jasinska, D. Kaminska, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, M. Pawlik-Niedzwiecka, S. Niedzwiecki, M. Palka, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, NG. Sharma, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, B. Zgardzinska, M. Zielinski, P. Moskal
abstract
The commercial Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanners use inorganic crystal scintillators for the detection of gamma photons. The Jagiellonian-PET (J-PET) detector exhibits high time resolution due to use of fast plastic scintillators and dedicated electronics circuits. Since the time resolution of PET scanner is influenced by numerous factors, e.g. a type of photomultipliers attached to the scintillators, the optimal selection of components of the J-PET system requires detailed understanding of the method for calculation the time resolution. In this paper we show the idea of this method, based on statistical analysis of the observed signals on the photomultiplier's output. The method is tested using signals registered by means of the single detection module of the J-PET scanner built out from 30 cm long plastic scintillator strips. We investigate two main factors affecting the photon registration probability, photomultipliers quantum efficiency and photomultipliers transit time spread. We demonstrate that the quantum efficiency of photomultipliers represents the most important factor influencing overall performance of the J-PET scanner.
Studies of discrete symmetries in a purely leptonic system using the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph
P. Moskal, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Bialas, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwinski, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Glowacz, N. Gupta-Sharma, M. Gorgol, BC. Hiesmayr, B. Jasinska, D. Kaminska, O. Khreptak, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, W. Krzemien, N. Krawczyk, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, S. Niedzwiecki, M. Pawlik-Niedzwiecka, L. Raczynski, Z. Rudy, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Wieczorek, W. Wislicki, B. Zgardzinska, M. Zielinski
abstract
Discrete symmetries such as parity (P), charge-conjugation (C) and time reversal (T) are of fundamental importance in physics and cosmology. Breaking of charge conjugation symmetry (C) and its combination with parity (CP) constitute necessary conditions for the existence of the asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the observed Universe. The presently known sources of discrete symmetries violations can account for only a tiny fraction of the excess of matter over antimatter. So far CP and T symmetries violations were observed only for systems involving quarks and they were never reported for the purely leptonic objects. In this article we describe briefly an experimental proposal for the test of discrete symmetries in the decays of positronium atom which is made exclusively of leptons. The experiments are conducted by means of the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) which is constructed from strips of plastic scintillators enabling registration of photons from the positronium annihilation. J-PET tomograph together with the positronium target system enable to measure expectation values for the discrete symmetries odd operators constructed from (i)spin vector of the ortho-positronium atom, (ii) momentum vectors of photons originating from the decay of positronium, and (iii) linear polarization direction of annihilation photons. Linearly polarized positronium will be produced in the highly porous aerogel or polymer targets, exploiting longitudinally polarized positrons emitted by the sodium Na-22 isotope. Information about the polarization vector of ortho-positronium will be available on the event by event basis and will be reconstructed from the known position of the positron source and the reconstructed position of the ortho-positronium annihilation. In 2016 the first tests and calibration runs are planned, and the data collection with high statistics will commence in the year 2017.
Searches for discrete symmetries violation in ortho-positronium decay using the J-PET detector
D. Kamińska, A. Gajos, E. Czerwiński, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, M. Gorgol, B. Jasińska, Ł. Kapłon, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, N. Gupta-Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, B. Zgardzińska, P. Moskal
abstract
In this paper, we present prospects for using the Jagiellonian positron emission tomograph (J-PET)
detector to search for discrete symmetries violations in a purely leptonic system of the positronium atom. We
discuss tests of CP and CPT symmetries by means of ortho-positronium decays into three photons. No zero
expectation values for chosen correlations between ortho-positronium spin and momentum vectors of photons
would imply the existence of physics phenomena beyond the standard model. Previous measurements resulted
in violation amplitude parameters for CP and CPT symmetries consistent with zero, with an uncertainty of
about 10?3. The J-PET detector allows to determine those values with better precision, thanks to the unique
time and angular resolution combined with a high geometrical acceptance. Achieving the aforementioned is possible
because of the application of polymer scintillators instead of crystals as detectors of annihilation quanta.
Studies of unicellular microorganisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae by means of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy
E. Kubicz, B. Jasińska, B. Zgardzińska, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, D. Kamińska, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rajfur, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, N. Gupta-Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
Results of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and microscopic studies on simple microorganisms,
brewing yeasts, are presented. Lifetime of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) were found to change from 2.4 to 2.9 ns
(longer-lived component) for lyophilized and aqueous yeasts, respectively. Also hygroscopicity of yeasts in time was
examined, allowing to check how water ? the main component of the cell ? affects PALS parameters, thus lifetime
of o-Ps were found to change from 1.2 to 1.4 ns (shorter-lived component) for the dried yeasts. The time suffi cient
to hydrate the cells was found below 10 hours. In the presence of liquid water, an indication of reorganization of
yeast in the molecular scale was observed. Microscopic images of the lyophilized, dried, and wet yeasts with best
possible resolution were obtained using inverted microscopy (IM) and environmental scanning electron microscopy
(ESEM) methods. As a result, visible changes to the surface of the cell me mbrane were observed in ESEM images.
K- absorption on two nucleons and ppK- bound state search in the E0p final state
O. Vazquez Doce, L. Fabbietti, M. Cargnelli, C. Curceanu, J. Marton, K. Piscicchia, A. Scordo, D. Sirghi, I. Tucakovic, S. Wycech, J. Zmeskal, A. Anastasi, F. Curciarello, E. Czerwinski, W. Krzemien, G. Mandaglio, M. Martini, P. Moskal, V. Patera, E. Perez del Rio, M. Silarski
abstract
We report the measurement of K- absorption processes in the Sigma_0p final state and the first exclusive measurement of the two nucleon absorption (2NA) with the KLOE detector. The 2NA process without further interactions is found to be 12% of the sum of all other contributing processes, including absorption on three and more nucleons or 2NA followed by final state interactions with the residual nucleons. We also determine the possible contribution of the ppK- bound state to the ?0p final state. A yield of ppK-/K_stop is found to be (0.044+/-0.009stat+0.004+/-0.005syst)?10?2 but its statistical significance based on an F-test is only 1sigma.
Limit on the production of a low-mass vector boson in e+e- ->U, U->e+e- with the KLOE experiment
A. Anastasi, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, D. Kamińska, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, M. Silarski, W. Wiślicki, et al.
abstract
The existence of a new force beyond the Standard Model is compelling because it could explain several striking astrophysical observations which fail standard interpretations. We searched for the light vector mediator of this dark force, the U boson, with the KLOE detector at the DAFNE e+e? collider. Using an integrated luminosity of 1.54 fb^-1, we studied the process e+e->U, with U->e+e-, using radiative-return to search for a resonant peak in the dielectron invariant-mass distribution. We did not find evidence for a signal, and set a 90\%~CL upper limit on the mixing strength between the Standard Model photon and the dark photon, ?^2, at 10^-6--10^-4 in the 5--520~MeV/c2 mass range.
Reconstruction of hit time and hit position of annihilation quanta in the J-PET detector usi ng the Mahalanobis distance
N. G. Sharma, M. Silarski, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, B. Jasińska, D. Kamińska, Ł. Kapłon, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, A. Słomski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, B. Zgardzińska, P. Moskal
abstract
The J-PET detector being developed at Jagiellonian University, is a Positron Emission Tomograph composed of the long strips of polymer scintillators. At the same time it is a detector system which will be used for studies of the decays of positronium atoms. The shape of photomultiplier signals depends on the hit-time and hit-position of the gamma quantum. In order to take advantage of this fact a dedicated sampling front-end electronics which enables to sample signals in voltage domain with the time precision of about 20 ps and novel reconstruction method based on the comparison of examined signal with the model signals stored in the library has been developed. As a measure of the similarity we use the Mahalanobis distance. The achievable position and time-resolution depends on number and values of the threshold levels at which the signal is sampled. A reconstruction method, as well as preliminary results are presented and discussed.
PALS investigations of free volumes thermal expansion of J-PET plastic scintillator synthesized in polystyrene matrix
A. Wieczorek, B. Zgardzińska, B. Jasińska, M. Gorgol, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, D. Kamińska, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, A. Strzelecki, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
abstract
The polystyrene dopped with 2,5-diphenyloxazole as a primary fluor and 2-(4-styrylphenyl)benzoxazole as a wavelength shifter, prepared as a plastic scintillator was investigated using positronium probe in wide range of temperatures from 123 to 423 K. Three structural transitions at 260 K, 283 K and 370 K were found in the material. In the o-Ps intensity dependence on temperature, the significant hysteresis is observed. Heated to 370 K, the material exhibits the o-Ps intensity variations in time.
Processing optimization with parallel computing for the J-PET scanner
W. Krzemień, M. Bała, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, B. Jasińska, D. Kamińska, Ł. Kapłon, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, E. Kubicz, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, K. Stola, A. Strzelecki, D. Trybek, Anna Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, B. K. Zgardzińska, P. Moskal
abstract
The Jagiellonian-PET (J-PET) collaboration is developing a prototype TOF-PET detector based on long polymer scintillators. This novel approach exploits the excellent time properties of the plastic scintillators, which permit very precise time measurements. The very fast, FPGA-based front-end electronics and the data acquisition system, as well as, low- and high-level reconstruction algorithms were specially developed to be used with the J-PET scanner. The TOF-PET data processing and reconstruction are time and resource demanding operations, especially in case of a large acceptance detector, which works in triggerless data acquisition mode. In this article, we discuss the parallel computing methods applied to optimize the data processing for the J-PET detector. We begin with general concepts of parallel computing and then we discuss several applications of those techniques in the J-PET data processing.
Multiple Scattering and Accidental Coincidences in the J-PET Detector Simulated Using GATE Package
P. Kowalski, P. Moskal, W. Wislicki, L. Raczynski, T. Bednarski, P. Bialas, J. Bulka, E. Czerwinski, A. Gajos, A. Gruntowski, D. Kaminska, L. Kaplon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, T. Kozik, W. Krzemien, E. Kubicz, S. Niedzwiecki, M. Palka, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, NG. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Slomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, I. Wochlik, M. Zielinski, N. Zon
abstract
Novel positron emission tomography system, based on plastic scintillators, is developed by the J-PET collaboration. In order to optimize geometrical configuration of built device, advanced computer simulations are performed. Detailed study is presented of background given by accidental coincidences and multiple scattering of gamma quanta.
Measurement of the np -> np pi(0)pi(0) reaction in search for the recently observed d* (2380) resonance
P. Adlarsona, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, A. Bondar, M. Buscher, H. Calen, I. Ciepal, H. Clement, D. Coderre, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, E. Doroshkevich, R. Engels, A. Erven, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, P. Goslawski, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, F. Hauenstein, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, B. Hoistad, N. Husken, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, FA. Khan, A. Khoukaz, DA. Kirillov, S. Kistryn, H. Kleines, B. Klos, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, A. Kuzmin, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, M. Mikirtychiants, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, H. Ohm, I. Ozerianska, EP. del Rio, NM. Piskunov, P. Podkopal, D. Prasuhn, A. Pricking, D. Pszczel, K. Pysz, et al.
abstract
Exclusive measurements of the quasi-free np --> np pi(0)pi(0) reaction have been performed by means of dp collisions at T-d = 2.27 GeV using the WASA detector setup at COSY. Total and differential cross sections have been obtained covering the energy region root s = (2.35-2.46) GeV, which includes the region of the ABC effect and its associated d* (2380) resonance. Adding the d* resonance amplitude to that for the conventional processes leads to a reasonable description of the data. The observed resonance effect in the total cross section is in agreement with the predictions of Faldt and Wilkin as well with those of Albadajedo and Oset. The ABC effect, i.e. the low-mass enhancement in the pi(0)pi(0)-invariant mass spectrum, is found to be very modest - if present at all, which might pose a problem to some of its interpretations. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
A pilot study of the novel J-PET plastic scintillator with 2-(4-styrylphenyl)benzoxazole as a wavelength shifter
A. Wieczorek, P. Moskal, Sz. Niedźwiecki, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, A. Danel, A. Gajos, A. Gruntowski, D. Kamińska, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Molenda, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, P. Salabura, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, T. Uchacz, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
For the first time a molecule of 2-(4-styrylphenyl)benzoxazole containing benzoxazole and stilbene groups is applied as a scintillator dopant acting as a wavelength shifter. In this article a light yield of the plastic scintillator, prepared from styrene doped with 2 wt% of 2,5-diphenylbenzoxazole and 0.03 wt% of 2-(4-styrylphenyl)benzoxazole, is determined to be as large as 60% ? 2% of the anthracene light output. There is a potential to improve this value in the future by the optimization of the additives concentrations.
Compressive sensing of signals generated in plastic scintillators in a novel J-PET instrument
L. Raczyński, P. Moskal, P. Kowalski, W. Wiślicki, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, P. Salabura, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
The J-PET scanner, which allows for single bed imaging of the whole human body, is currently under development at the Jagiellonian University. The discussed detector offers improvement of the Time of Flight (TOF) resolution due to the use of fast plastic scintillators and dedicated electronics allowing for sampling in the voltage domain of signals with durations of few nanoseconds. In this paper we show that recovery of the whole signal, based on only a few samples, is possible. In order to do that, we incorporate the training signals into the Tikhonov regularization framework and we perform the Principal Component Analysis decomposition, which is well known for its compaction properties. The method yields a simple closed form analytical solution that does not require iterative processing. Moreover, from the Bayes theory the properties of regularized solution, especially its covariance matrix, may be easily derived. This is the key to introduce and prove the formula for calculations of the signal recovery error. In this paper we show that an average recovery error is approximately inversely proportional to the number of acquired samples.
Search for eta-mesic Nuclei with WASA-at-COSY
W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, M. Skurzok
abstract
We search for an evidence of ?-mesic He with the WASA detector. Two dedicated experiments were performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Jülich. The experimental method is based on the measurement of the excitation functions for the two reaction channels: dd ?3He p?? and dd ?3He n?0, where the outgoing N?? pairs originate from the conversion of the ? meson on a nucleon inside the He nucleus. In this contribution, the experimental method is shortly described and the current status of the analysis is presented.
Analysis framework for the J-PET scanner
W. Krzemień, A. Gajos, A. Gruntowski, K. Stola, D. Trybek, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, D. Kamińska, L. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, E. Kubicz, P. Moskal, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N. G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
J-PET analysis framework is a flexible, lightweight, ROOT-based software package which provides the tools to develop reconstruction and calibration procedures for PET tomography. In this article we present the implementation of the full data-processing chain in the J-PET framework which is used for the data analysis of the J-PET tomography scanner. The Framework incorporates automated handling of PET setup parameters' database as well as high level tools for building data reconstruction procedures. Each of these components is briefly discussed.
Hit time and hit position reconstruction in the J-PET detector based on a library of averaged model signals
P. Moskal, N.G.Sharma, M.Silarski, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, J. Bułka, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, D. Kamińska, L. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, P. Salabura, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, I. Wochlik, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
n this article we present a novel method of hit time and hit position reconstruction in long scintillator detectors. We take advantage of the fact that for this kind of detectors amplitude and shape of registered signals depends strongly on the position where particle hit the detector. The reconstruction is based on determination of the degree of similarity between measured and averaged signals stored in a library for a set of well-defined positions along the scintillator. Preliminary results of validation of the introduced method with experimental data obtained by means of the double strip prototype of the J-PET detector are presented.
GPU accelerated image reconstruction in a two-strip J-PET tomograph
P. Białas, J. Kowal, A. Strzelecki, T. Bednarski, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, D. Kamińska, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, P. Moskal, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, P. Salabura, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
We present a fast GPU implementation of the image reconstruction routine, for a novel two strip PET detector that relies solely on the time of flight measurements.
Luminosity determination for the deutron-deutron reactions using free and quasi-free reactions with WASA-at-COSY detector
M. Skurzok, P. Moskal, W. Krzemień
abstract
Two methods of the luminosity determination for the experiment performed by WASA col- laboration to search for 4He-eta bound state are presented. During the measurement the tech- nique of continous change of the beam momentum in one accelerator cycle (called ramped beam) was applied. This imposes the requirement to determine not only the total integrated luminosity, but also its variation as a function of the beam momentum.
A New Event Display for the KLOE-2 Experiment
W. Krzemień
abstract
In this contribution, we describe KNEDLE ? the new event display for the KLOE-2 experiment. The basic objectives and software requirements are presented. The current status of the development is given along with a short discussion of the future plans.
Search for dark Higgsstrahlung in e+ e- -> mu+ mu- and missing energy events with the KLOE experiment
D. Babusci, ..., E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, D. Kamińska, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, M. Silarski, W. Wiślicki, et al.
abstract
We searched for evidence of a Higgsstrahlung process in a secluded sector, leading to a final state with a dark photon U and a dark Higgs boson h', with the KLOE detector at DAFNE. We investigated the case of h' lighter than U, with U decaying into a muon pair and h' producing a missing energy signature. We found no evidence of the process and set upper limits to its parameters in the range 2m_mu
ABC Effect and Resonance Structure in the Double-Pionic Fusion to 3He
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, M. Hodana, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, I. Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M. Zielinski, et al.
abstract
Exclusive and kinematically complete measurements of the double pionic fusion to 3He have been performed in the energy region of the so-called ABC effect, which denotes a pronounced low-mass enhancement in the pi pi-invariant mass spectrum. The experiments were carried out with the WASA detector setup at COSY. Similar to the observations in the basic pn->dpi0pi0 reaction and in the dd->4Hepi0pi0 reaction, the data reveal a correlation between the ABC effect and a resonance-like energy dependence in the total cross section. Differential cross sections are well described by the hypothesis of d* resonance formation during the reaction process in addition to the conventional t-channel Delta Delta mechanism. The deduced d* resonance width can be understood from collision broadening due to Fermi motion of the nucleons in initial and final nuclei.
A novel method for the line-of-response and time-of-flight reconstruction in TOF-PET detectors based on a library of synchronized model signals
P. Moskal, N. Zoń, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, D. Kamińska, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, P. Salabura, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński
abstract
A novel method of hit time and hit position reconstruction in scintillator detectors is described. The method is based on comparison of detector signals with results stored in a library of synchronized model signals registered for a set of well-defined positions of scintillation points. The hit position is reconstructed as the one corresponding to the signal from the library which is most similar to the measurement signal. The time of the interaction is determined as a relative time between the measured signal and the most similar one in the library. A degree of similarity of measured and model signals is defined as the distance between points representing the measurement- and model-signal in the multi-dimensional measurement space. Novelty of the method lies also in the proposed way of synchronization of model signals enabling direct determination of the difference between time-of-flights (TOF) of annihilation quanta from the annihilation point to the detectors. The introduced method was validated using experimental data obtained by means of the double strip prototype of the J-PET detector and 22Na sodium isotope as a source of annihilation gamma quanta.The detector was built out from plastic scintillator strips with dimensions of 5 mm x 19 mm x 300 mm, optically connected at both sides to photomultipliers,from which signals were sampled by means of the Serial Data Analyzer.Using the introduced method, the spatial and TOF resolution of about 1.3 cm (?) and 125 ps (?) were established, respectively.
Test of a single module of the J-PET scanner based on plastic scintillators
P. Moskal, S. Niedzwiecki, T. Bednarski, E. Czerwinski, L. Kaplon, E. Kubicz, I. Moskal, M. Pawlik-Niedzwiecka, NG. Sharma, M. Silarski, M. Zielinski, N. Zon, P. Bialas, A. Gajos, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemien, M. Molenda, M. Palka, L. Raczynski, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, A. Slomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wislicki
abstract
A Time of Flight Positron Emission Tomography scanner based on plastic scintillators is being developed at the Jagiellonian University by the J-PET collaboration. The main challenge of the conducted research lies in the elaboration of a method allowing application of plastic scintillators for the detection of low energy gamma quanta. In this paper we report on tests of a single detection module built out from the BC-420 plastic scintillator strip (with dimensions of 5 x 19 x 300 mm(3)) read out at two ends by Hamamatsu R5320 photomultipliers. The measurements were performed using collimated beam of annihilation quanta from the Ge-68 isotope and applying the Serial Data Analyzer (Lecroy SDA6000A) which enabled sampling of signals with 50 ps intervals. The time resolution of the prototype module was established to be better than 80 ps (sigma) for a single level discrimination. The spatial resolution of the determination of the hit position along the strip was determined to be about 0.93 cm (sigma) for the annihilation quanta. The fractional energy resolution for the energy E deposited by the annihilation quanta via the Compton scattering amounts to sigma(E)/E approximate to 0.044/root E(MeV) and corresponds to the (sigma(E)/E of 7.5% at the Compton edge. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Measurement of the eta -> pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) Dalitz plot distribution
P. Adlarson, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, A. Bondar, M. Buscher, H. Calen, I. Ciepal, H. Clement, D. Coderre, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, E. Doroshkevich, R. Engels, A. Erven, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, P. Goslawski, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, F. Hauenstein, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, M. Hodana, B. Hoistad, N. Husken, A. Jany, BR. Jany, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, FA. Khan, A. Khoukaz, DA. Kirillov, S. Kistryn, H. Kleines, B. Klos, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, A. Kuzmin, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, BV. Martemyanov, UG. Meissner, M. Mikirtychiants, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, H. Ohm, I. Ozerianska, EP. del Rio, NM. Piskunov, et al.
abstract
The Dalitz plot distribution of the eta -> pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) decay is determined by using a data sample of 1.2 x 10(7) eta mesons from the pd -> He-3 eta reaction at 1 GeV collected by the WASA detector at COSY.
Measurement of the np->npi0i0 Reaction in Search for the Recently Observed d*(2380) Resonance
P. Adlarson,..., E. Czerwiński, M. Hodana, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, I. Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M. Zielinski, et al.
abstract
Exclusive measurements of the quasi-free np->nppi0pi0 reaction have been performed by means of dp collisions at Td = 2.27 GeV using the WASA detector setup at COSY. Total and differential cross sections have been obtained covering the energy region sqrt_s = (2.35 - 2.46) GeV, which includes the region of the ABC effect and its associated d*(2380) resonance. Adding the d* resonance amplitude to that for the conventional processes leads to a reasonable description of the data. The observed resonance effect in the total cross section is in agreement with the predictions of Faeldt and Wilkin as well Albadajedo and Oset. The ABC effect, {it i.e.} the low-mass enhancement in the pi0pi0-invariant mass spectrum, is found to be very modest - if present at all, which might pose a problem to some of its interpretations.
Experimental access to Transition Distribution Amplitudes with the PANDA experiment at FAIR
B.P. Singh,..., W. Krzemień, S. Jowzaee, B. Kamys, P. Moskal, A. Wrońska, P. Salabura, J. Smyrski, Z. Rudy,
abstract
We address the possibility of accessing nucleon-to-pion (?N) Transition Distribution Amplitudes (TDAs) from p?p?e+e??0 reaction with the future ={P}ANDA detector at the FAIR facility. At high center of mass energy and high invariant mass of the lepton pair q2, the amplitude of the signal channel p?p?e+e??0 admits a QCD factorized description in terms of ?N TDAs and nucleon Distribution Amplitudes (DAs) in the forward and backward kinematic regimes. Assuming the validity of this factorized description, we perform feasibility studies for measuring p?p?e+e??0 with the ={P}ANDA detector. Detailed simulations on signal reconstruction efficiency as well as on rejection of the most severe background channel, {it i.e.} p?p??+???0 were performed for the center of mass energy squared s=5 GeV2 and s=10 GeV2, in the kinematic regions 3.00.5 in the proton-antiproton center of mass frame. Results of the simulation show that the particle identification capabilities of the ={P}ANDA detector will allow to achieve a background rejection factor at the level of 108 (2?107) at low (high) q2 while keeping the signal reconstruction efficiency at around 40% and that a clean lepton signal can be reconstructed with the expected statistics corresponding to 2 fb?1 of integrated luminosity. The future measurement of the signal channel cross section with ={P}ANDA will provide a new test of perturbative QCD description of a novel class of hard exclusive reactions and will open the possibility of experimentally accessing ?N TDAs.
Neutron-Proton Scattering in the Context of the d*(2380) Resonance
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, M. Hodana, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, I. Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M. Zielinski, et al.
abstract
New data on quasifree polarized neutron-proton scattering, in the region of the recently observed d* resonance structure, have been obtained by exclusive and kinematically complete high-statistics measurements with WASA at COSY. This paper details the determination of the beam polarization, checks of the quasifree character of the scattering process, on all obtained Ay angular distributions and on the new partial-wave analysis, which includes the new data producing a resonance pole in the 3D3-3G3 coupled partial waves at (2380+-10-i40+-5) MeV -- in accordance with the d* dibaryon resonance hypothesis. The effect of the new partial-wave solution on the description of total and differential cross section data as well as specific combinations of spin-correlation and spin-transfer observables available from COSY-ANKE measurements at Td = 2.27 GeV is discussed.
Determination of the eta '-Proton Scattering Length in Free Space
E. Czerwinski, P. Moskal, M. Silarski, SD. Bass, D. Grzonka, B. Kamys, A. Khoukaz, J. Klaja, W. Krzemien, W. Oelert, J. Ritman, T. Sefzick, J. Smyrski, A. Taschner, M. Wolke, M. Zielinski
abstract
Taking advantage of both the high mass resolution of the COSY-11 detector and the high energy resolution of the low-emittance proton beam of the cooler synchrotron COSY, we determine the excitation function for the pp --> pp eta' reaction close to threshold. Combining these data with previous results, we extract the scattering length for the eta'-proton potential in free space to be Re(alpha(p eta)') = 0 +/- 0.43 fm and Im(alpha(p eta)') = 0.37(-0.16)(+0.40) fm.
Test of a single module of the J-PET scanner based on plastic scintillators
P. Moskal, Sz. Niedźwiecki, T. Bednarski, E. Czerwiński, Ł. Kapłon, E. Kubicz, I. Moskal, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń, P. Białas, A. Gajos, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, M. Molenda, M. Pałka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki
abstract
Time of Flight Positron Emission Tomography scanner based on plastic scintillators is being developed at the Jagiellonian University by the J-PET collaboration. The main challenge of the conducted research lies in the elaboration of a method allowing application of plastic scintillators for the detection of low energy gamma quanta. In this article we report on tests of a single detection module built out from BC-420 plastic scintillator strip (with dimensions of 5x19x300mm^3) read out at two ends by Hamamatsu R5320 photomultipliers. The measurements were performed using collimated beam of annihilation quanta from the 68Ge isotope and applying the Serial Data Analyzer (Lecroy SDA6000A) which enabled sampling of signals with 50ps intervals. The time resolution of the prototype module was established to be better than 80ps (sigma) for a single level discrimination. The spatial resolution of the determination of the hit position along the strip was determined to be about 0.93cm (sigma) for the annihilation quanta. The fractional energy resolution for the energy E deposited by the annihilation quanta via the Compton scattering amounts to sigma(E)/E = 0.044/sqrt(E[MeV]) and corresponds to the sigma(E)/E of 7.5% at the Compton edge.
Novel method for hit-position reconstruction using voltage signals in plastic scintillators and its application to Positron Emission Tomography
L. Raczyński, P. Moskal, P. Kowalski, W. Wiślicki, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Molenda, I. Moskal, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
Currently inorganic scintillator detectors are used in all commercial Time of Flight Positron Emission Tomograph (TOF-PET) devices. The J-PET collaboration investigates a possibility of construction of a PET scanner from plastic scintillators which would allow for single bed imaging of the whole human body. This paper describes a novel method of hit-position reconstruction based on sampled signals and an example of an application of the method for a single module with a 30 cm long plastic strip, read out on both ends by Hamamatsu R4998 photomultipliers. The sampling scheme to generate a vector with samples of a PET event waveform with respect to four user-defined amplitudes is introduced. The experimental setup provides irradiation of a chosen position in the plastic scintillator strip with an annihilation gamma quanta of energy 511 keV. The statistical test for a multivariate normal (MVN) distribution of measured vectors at a given position is developed, and it is shown that signals sampled at four thresholds in a voltage domain are approximately normally distributed variables. With the presented method of a vector analysis made out of waveform samples acquired with four thresholds, we obtain a spatial resolution of about 1 cm and a timing resolution of about 80 ps (sigma).
Charge Symmetry Breaking in dd->4Hepi0 with WASA-at-COSY
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, M. Hodana, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, I. Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M. Zielinski, et al.
abstract
Charge symmetry breaking (CSB) observables are a suitable experimental tool to examine effects induced by quark masses on the nuclear level. Previous high precision data from TRIUMF and IUCF are currently used to develop a consistent description of CSB within the framework of chiral perturbation theory. In this work the experimental studies on the reaction dd->4He{pi}0 have been extended towards higher excess energies in order to provide information on the contribution of p-waves in the final state. For this, an exclusive measurement has been carried out at a beam momentum of p=1.2 GeV/c using the WASA-at-COSY facility. The total cross section amounts to sigma(tot) = (118 +- 18(stat) +- 13(sys) +- 8(ext)) pb and first data on the differential cross section are consistent with s-wave pion production.
Cross section ratio and angular distributions of the reaction p + d -> (3)He + eta at 48.8 MeV and 59.8 MeV excess energy
P. Adlarson, E. Czerwiński, M. Hodana, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, I. Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M. Zielinski, et al.
abstract
We present new data for angular distributions and on the cross section ratio of the p+d -> (3)He + eta reaction at excess energies of Q = 48.8 MeV and Q = 59.8 MeV. The data have been obtained at the WASA-at-COSY experiment (Forschungszentrum Jülich) using a proton beam and a deuterium pellet target. While the shape of obtained angular distributions show only a slow variation with the energy, the new results indicate a distinct and unexpected total cross section fluctuation between Q = 20 MeV and Q = 60 MeV, which might indicate the variation of the production mechanism within this energy interval.
Measurement of the eta -> pi + pi - pi0 Dalitz plot distribution
P. Adlarson,..., E. Czerwiński, M. Hodana, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, I. Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M. Zieliński, et al.
abstract
Dalitz plot distribution of the eta-> pi+pi-pi0 decay is determined using a data sample of 1.2*10^7 eta mesons from pd->3He eta reaction at 1 GeV collected by the WASA detector at COSY.
Evidence for a New Resonance from Polarized Neutron-Proton Scattering
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, M. Hodana, J. Klaja, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, I. Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M. Zieliński et al.
abstract
Exclusive and kinematically complete high-statistics measurements of quasifree polarized vec_n p scattering have been performed in the energy region of the narrow resonance structure d* with I(JP)=0(3+), M ~2380 MeV/c2 and Gamma 70 MeV observed recently in the double-pionic fusion channels pn->dpi0pi0 and pn->dpi+pi-. The experiment was carried out with the WASA detector setup at COSY having a polarized deuteron beam impinged on the hydrogen pellet target and utilizing the quasifree process d p->np+p_spectator. That way the np analyzing power Ay was measured over a large angular range. The obtained Ay angular distributions deviate systematically from the current SAID SP07 NN partial-wave solution. Incorporating the new Ay data into the SAID analysis produces a pole in the 3D3->3G3 waves as expected from the d* resonance hypothesis.
Search for light vector boson production in e+e- -> mi+mi- gamma interactions with the KLOE experiment
D. Babusci, I. Balwierz-Pytko, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, D. Kamińska, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, M. Silarski, J. Zdebik, et al.
abstract
We have searched for a light vector boson U, the possible carrier of a dark force, with the KLOE detector at the DAFNE e+e- collider, motivated by the astrophysical evidence for the presence of dark matter in the universe. Using e+e- collisions collected for an integrated luminosity of 239.3~pb?1, we look for a dimuon mass peak in the reaction e+e- -> mu+mu-gamma, corresponding to the decay U->mu+mu-. We find no evidence for a U vector boson signal. We set a 90% CL upper limit for the mixing parameter squared between the photon and the U boson of 1.6×10^5 to 8.6×10^7 for the mass region 520
Determination of the eta prime - proton scattering length in free space
E. Czerwiński, P. Moskal, M. Silarski, S. D. Bass, D. Grzonka, B. Kamys, A. Khoukaz, J. Klaja, W. Krzemień, W. Oelert, J. Ritman, T. Sefzick, J. Smyrski, A. Täschner, M. Wolke, M. Zieliński
abstract
Taking advantage of both the high mass resolution of the COSY--11 detector and the high energy resolution of the low-emittance proton-beam of the Cooler Synchrotron COSY we determine the excitation function for the pp --> pp eta' reaction close-to-threshold. Combining these data with previous results we extract the scattering length for the eta'-proton potential in free space to be Re (a p eta') = 0 +/- 0.43 fm and Im a_(p eta') = 0.37^{+0.40}_{-0.16} fm.
Computing support for advanced medical data analysis and imaging
W. Wiślicki, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, M. Molenda, P. Moskal, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
We discuss computing issues for data analysis and image reconstruction of PET-TOF medical scanner or other medical scanning devices producing large volumes of data. Service architecture based on the grid and cloud concepts for distributed processing is proposed and critically discussed.
A novel method based solely on FPGA units enabling measurement of time and charge of analog signals in Positron Emission Tomography
M. Pałka, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, M. Molenda, P. Moskal, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pawlik, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
This article presents a novel technique for precise measurement of time and charge based solely on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) device and few satellite discrete electronic components used in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Described approach simplifies electronic circuits, reduces the power consumption, lowers costs, merges front-end electronics with digital electronics and also makes more compact final design. Furthermore, it allows to measure time when analog signals cross a reference voltage at different threshold levels with a very high precision of ? 10ps (rms) and thus enables sampling of signals in a voltage domain.
A novel method for calibration and monitoring of time synchronization of TOF-PET scanners by means of cosmic rays
M. Silarski, E. Czerwiński, T. Bednarski, P. Moskal, P. Białas, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, M. Molenda, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N.G. Sharma, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
All of the present methods for calibration and monitoring of TOF-PET scanner detectors utilize radioactive isotopes such as e.g. 22Na or 68Ge, which are placed or rotate inside the scanner. In this article we describe a novel method based on the cosmic rays application to the PET calibration and monitoring methods. The concept allows to overcome many of the drawbacks of the present methods and it is well suited for newly developed TOF-PET scanners with a large longitudinal field of view. The method enables also monitoring of the quality of the scintillator materials and in general allows for the continuous quality assurance of the PET detector performance.
3D PET image reconstruction based on the maximum likelihood estimation method (MLEM) algorithm
A. Słomski, Z. Rudy, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, M. Molenda, P. Moskal, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik, L. Raczyński, P. Salabura, N. G. Sharma, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
A positron emission tomography (PET) scan does not measure an image directly. Instead, a PET scan measures a sinogram at the boundary of the field-of-view that consists of measurements of the sums of all the counts along the lines connecting the two detectors. Because there is a multitude of detectors built in a typical PET structure, there are many possible detector pairs that pertain to the measurement. The problem is how to turn this measurement into an image (this is called imaging). Significant improvement in PET image quality was achieved with the introduction of iterative reconstruction techniques. This was realized approximately 20 years ago (with the advent of new powerful computing processors). However, three-dimensional imaging still remains a challenge. The purpose of the image reconstruction algorithm is to process this imperfect count data for a large number (many millions) of lines of response and millions of detected photons to produce an image showing the distribution of the labeled molecules in space.
Trigger-less and reconfigurable data acquisition system for positron emission tomography
G. Korcyl, P. Moskal, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, M. Molenda, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N. G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
This article is focused on data acquisition system (DAQ) designed especially to be used in positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography. The system allows for continuous registration of analog signals during measurement. It has been designed to optimize registration and processing of the information carried by signals from the detector system in PET scanner. The processing does not require any rejection of data with a trigger system. The proposed system possesses also an ability to implement various data analysis algorithms that can be performed in real time during data collection.
Determination of the map of efficiency of the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) detector with the GATE package
P. Kowalski, L. Raczyński, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, K. Giergiel, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, M. Molenda, I. Moskal, P. Moskal, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, K. Szymański, W. Wiślicki, P. Witkowski, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
A novel PET detector consisting of strips of polymer scintillators is being developed by the J-PET Collaboration. The map of efficiency and the map of geometrical acceptance of the 2-strip J-PET scanner are presented. Map of efficiency was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation software GATE based on GEANT4. Both maps were compared using method based on the chi2 test.
Plastic scintillators for positron emission tomography obtained by the bulk polymerization method
Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, M. Molenda, P. Moskal, A. Wieczorek, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N. G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
This paper describes three methods regarding the production of plastic scintillators. One method appears to be suitable for the manufacturing of plastic scintillators, revealing properties which fulfill the requirements of novel positron emission tomography scanners based on plastic scintillators. The key parameters of the manufacturing process are determined and discussed.
J-PET analysis framework for the prototype TOF-PET detector
W. Krzemień, M. Silarski, K. Stola, D. Trybek, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, M. Molenda, P. Moskal, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N.G. Sharma, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
Novel TOF-PET scanner solutions demand, apart from the state of the art detectors, software for fast processing of the gathered data, monitoring of the whole scanner and reconstruction of the PET image. In this article we present an analysis framework for the novel STRIP-PET scanner developed by the J-PET collaboration in the Institute of Physics of the Jagiellonian University. This software is based on the ROOT package used in many particle physics experiments.
Database and data structure for the novel TOF-PET detector developed for J-PET project
E. Czerwiński, M. Zieliński, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Molenda, P. Moskal, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N. G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W.Wiślicki, N. Zoń
abstract
The complexity of the hardware and the amount of data collected during the PET imaging process require application of modern methods of efficient data organization and processing. In this article we will discuss the data structures and the flow of collected data from the novel TOF-PET medical scanner which is being developed at the Jagiellonian University. The developed data format reflects: registration process of the gamma quanta emitted from positron-electron annihilation, Front-End Electronic (FEE) structure and required input information for the image reconstruction. In addition, the system database fulfills possible demands of the evolving J-PET project.
Calibration of photomultipliers gain used in the J-PET detector
T. Bednarski, E. Czerwiński, P. Moskal, P. Białas, K. Giergiel, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, M. Molenda, I. Moskal, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, K. Szymański, W. Wiślicki, P. Witkowski, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
Photomultipliers are commonly used in commercial PET scanner as devices which convert light produced in scintillator by gamma quanta from positron-electron annihilation into electrical signal. For proper analysis of obtained electrical signal, a photomultiplier gain curve must be known, since gain can be significantly different even between photomultipliers of the same model. In this article we describe single photoelectron method used for photomultipliers calibration applied for J-PET scanner, a novel PET detector being developed at the Jagiellonian University. Description of calibration method, an example of calibration curve and gain of few R4998 Hamamatsu photomultipliers are presented.
Search for the manifestation of the mesic-nuclei on the dd-->3HeNpi excitation function measured with WASA-at-COSY
W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, M. Skurzok
abstract
We search for an evidence of eta-mesic 4He with the WASA-at-COSY detector. Two dedicated experiments were performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Juelich. The experimental method is based on the measurement of the excitation functions for the two reaction channels: dd-->3Heppi- and dd-->3Henpi0, where the outgoing N-pi pairs originate from the conversion of the eta meson on a nucleon inside the He nucleus. In this contribution, the experimental method is shortly described and preliminary excitation functions from the 2010 data are presented.
Search for eta-Mesic 4He with WASA-at-COSY
W. Krzemien, P. Moskal, M. Skurzok
abstract
An exclusive measurement of the excitation functions for the dd ->3He p ?- and dd -> 3He n ?0 -> 3He n gamma gamma reactions was performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Juelich with the WASA-at-COSY detection system. The data were collected in two dedicated experiments in 2008 and in 2010. The experimental method and the current status of the analysis are presented.
Studies of Mesic Nuclei via Decay Reactions
S. Wycech, W. Krzemień
abstract
Collisions in a system of two particles at energies close to a bound state in different channels are discussed. Next, the bound state decays into a third coupled channel. A phenomenological approach to dd->pi-p3He reaction is presented.
COSY Proposal/Beam Request: Search for the eta -mesic 3He with WASA at COSY
P. Moskal, W. Krzemien, M. Skurzok
abstract
We propose to conduct a search for the 3He-eta bound state by the energy scan at the final states ppNpi, 3He6gamma and 3He2gamma measuring excitation functions of its production cross section in proton-deuteron reactions for processes corresponding to two anticipated mechanisms: (i) absorption of the eta meson by one of the nucleons, which subsequently decays into N-pi pair e.g.: pd-> (3He-eta)bound ->ppppi- , and (ii) decay of the eta-meson while it is still orbiting around a nucleus e.g.: pd-> (3He-eta)bound -> 3He6gamma reactions. This sproposal has been accepted in PAC Session No. 42 II/2013 and experiment (Exp. No. 186.3) was carried out in May 2014.
List-mode reconstruction in 2D strip PET
P. Białas, J. Kowal, A. Strzelecki, T. Bednarski, E. Czerwiński, K. Giergiel, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, M. Molenda, I. Moskal, P. Moskal, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, K. Szymański, W. Wiślicki, P. Witkowski, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
Using a theory of list-mode maximum likelihood
expectation-maximization (MLEM) algorithm, in this contribution,
we present a derivation of the system response
kernel for a novel positron emission tomography (PET)
detector based on plastic scintillators.
Search for the eta-mesic He-4 with WASA-at-COSY
W. Krzemien, P. Moskal, J. Smyrski, M. Skurzok
abstract
We conduct a search for the He-eta bound state with the WASA-at-COSY facility measuring the excitation functions for the reaction channels: dd -> (3)Hep pi(-) and dd -> (3)Hen pi(0), where the outgoing N-pi pairs originate from the conversion of the eta meson on a nucleon inside the He nucleus. Two dedicated experiments were performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Julich with the WASA detector. The analysis of the 2008 data shows no signal of the He-4 - eta bound state. An upper limit for the cross-section for the bound state formation and decay in the process dd -> (He-4 - eta)(bound) -> (3)Hep pi(-), was determined at the 90 % confidence level. In November 2010 a new data set was collected.
Simulations of gamma quanta scattering in a single module of the J-PET detector
K. Szymański, P. Moskal, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, K. Giergiel, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, M. Molenda, I. Moskal, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, P. Witkowski, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
This article describes simulations of scattering of annihilation gamma quanta in a strip of plastic scintillator. Such strips constitute basic detection modules in a newly proposed Positron Emission Tomography which utilizes plastic scintillators instead of inorganic crystals. An algorithm simulating chain of Compton scatterings was elaborated and series of simulations have been conducted for the scintillator strip with the cross section of 5 mm x 19 mm. Obtained results indicate that secondary interactions occur only in the case of about 8% of events and out of them only 25% take place in the distance larger than 0.5 cm from the primary interaction. It was also established that light signals produced at primary and secondary interactions overlap with the delay which distribution is characterized by FWHM of about 40 ps.
Measurement of the pn -> pp pi(0)pi(-) reaction in search for the recently observed resonance structure in d pi(0)pi(0) and d pi(+)pi(-) systems
P. Adlarson, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, M. Buscher, H. Calen, I. Ciepal, H. Clement, D. Coderre, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, E. Doroshkevich, R. Engels, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, P. Goslawski, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, F. Hauenstein, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, F. Hinterberger, M. Hodana, B. Hoistad, A. Jany, BR. Jany, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, FA. Khan, A. Khoukaz, DA. Kirillov, S. Kistryn, J. Klaja, H. Kleines, B. Klos, M. Krapp, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, L. Li, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, M. Mikirtychiants, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, BK. Nandi, H. Ohm, I. Ozerianska, EP. del Rio, NM. Piskunov, P. Plucinski, P. Podkopal, et al.
abstract
Exclusive measurements of the quasifree pn -> pp pi(0)pi(-) reaction have been performed by means of pd collisions at T-p = 1.2 GeV using the wide angle shower apparatus (WASA) detector setup at the cooler synchrotron COSY (Institut fur Kernphysik, Julich). Total and differential cross sections have been obtained covering the energy region root s = (2.35-2.46) GeV, which includes the region of the ABC effect and its associated resonance structure. NoABCeffect, i.e., low-mass enhancement is found in the pi(0)pi(-) -invariant mass spectrum, in agreement with the constraint from Bose statistics that the isovector pion pair can not be in relative s wave. At the upper end of the covered energy region t-channel processes for Roper, Delta(1600) and Delta Delta excitations provide a reasonable description of the data, but at low energies the measured cross sections are much larger than predicted by such processes. Adding a resonance amplitude for the resonance at m = 2.37 GeV with Gamma = 70 MeV and I (J(P)) = 0(3(+)) observed recently in pn -> d pi(0)pi(0) and pn -> d pi(+)pi(-) reactions leads to an agreement with the data also at low energies.
Application of WLS strips for position determination in Strip PET tomograph based on plastic scintillators
J. Smyrski, P. Moskal, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, M. Molenda, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, A. Strzelecki, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
abstract
A method of determination of a gamma quantum absorption point in a plastic scintillator block using a matrix of wavelength-shifting (WLS) strips is proposed. Application of this method for improvement of position resolution in newly proposed PET detectors based on plastic scintillators is presented. The method enables to reduce parallax errors in reconstruction of images which occurs in the presently used Positron Emission Tomography scanners.
Search for a dark photon in the pi(0) -> e(+)e(-)gamma decay
P. Adlarson, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, A. Bondar, M. Buscher, H. Calen, I. Ciepal, H. Clement, D. Coderre, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, E. Doroshkevich, R. Engels, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, E. Goldenbaum, P. Goslawski, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, F. Hauensteinn, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, F. Hinterberger, M. Hodana, B. Hoistad, A. Jany, BR. Jany, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, FA. Khan, A. Khoukaz, S. Kistryn, J. Klaja, H. Kleines, DA. Kirillov, B. Klos, M. Krapp, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, A. Kuzmin, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, L. Li, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, UG. Meissner, M. Mikirtychiants, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, BK. Nandi, H. Ohm, I. Ozerianska, EP. del Rio, et al.
abstract
The presently world largest data sample for pi(0) -> gamma e(+)e(-) decays studies containing nearly 5 x 10(5) events was collected using the WASA detector at COSY. A search for a dark photon U produced in the pi(0) -> gamma U -> gamma e(+)e(-) decay from the pp -> pp pi(0) reaction was carried out. An upper limit on the square of the U -> gamma mixing strength parameter epsilon(2) of 5 x 10(-6) at 90% CL was obtained for the mass range 20 MeV < M-U < 100 MeV. This result together with other recent experimental limits significantly reduces the M-U vs. epsilon(2) parameter space which could explain the presently seen deviation between the Standard Model prediction and the direct measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Investigation of the dd -> (3)Hen pi(0) reaction with the FZ Julich WASA-at-COSY facility
P. Adlarson, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, M. Buscher, H. Calen, I. Ciepal, H. Clement, D. Coderre, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, E. Doroshkevich, R. Engels, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, P. Goslawski, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, C. Hanhart, F. Hauenstein, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, F. Hinterberger, M. Hodana, B. Hoistad, A. Jany, BR. Jany, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, FA. Khan, A. Khoukaz, DA. Kirillov, S. Kistryn, J. Klaja, H. Kleines, B. Klos, M. Krapp, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, L. Li, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, M. Mikirtychiants, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, BK. Nandi, H. Ohm, I. Ozerianska, EP. del Rio, NM. Piskunov, P. Plucinski, et al.
abstract
An exclusive measurement of the dd -> (3)Hen pi(0) reaction was carried out at a beam momentum of p(d) = 1.2 GeV/c using the WASA-at-COSY facility. Information on the total cross section as well as differential distributions was obtained. The data are described by a phenomenological approach based on a combination of a quasifree model and a partial wave expansion for the three-body reaction. The total cross section is found to be sigma(tot) = ( 2.89 +/- 0.01(stat) +/- 0.06(sys) +/- 0.29(norm)) mu b. The contribution of the quasifree processes ( with the beam or target neutron being a spectator) accounts for 38% of the total cross section and dominates the differential distributions in specific regions of phase space. The remaining part of the cross section can be described by a partial wave decomposition indicating the significance of p-wave contributions in the final state.
Measurement of the pn->pp pi0pi- Reaction in Search for the Recently Observed Resonance Structure in dpi0pi0 and dpi+pi-systems
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, M. Hodana, J. Klaja, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, I. Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M. Zieliński et al.
abstract
Exclusive measurements of the quasi-free $pn o pppi^0pi^-$ reaction have been performed by means of $pd$ collisions at $T_p$ = 1.2 GeV using the WASA detector setup at COSY. Total and differential cross sections have been obtained covering the energy region $sqrt s$ = (2.35 - 2.46) GeV, which includes the region of the ABC effect and its associated resonance structure. No ABC effect, {it i.e.} low-mass enhancement is found in the $pi^0pi^-$-invariant mass spectrum -- in agreement with the constraint from Bose statistics that the isovector pion pair can not be in relative s-wave. At the upper end of the covered energy region $t$-channel processes for Roper, $Delta(1600)$ and $DeltaDelta$ excitations provide a reasonable description of the data, but at low energies the measured cross sections are much larger than predicted by such processes. Adding a resonance amplitude for the resonance at $m$=~2.37 GeV with $Gamma$ =~70 MeV and $I(J^P)=~0(3^+)$ observed recently in $pn o dpi^0pi^0$ and $pn o dpi^+pi^-$ reactions leads to an agreement with the data also at low energies.
Isospin decomposition of the basic double-pionic fusion in the region of the ABC effect
P. Adlarson, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, T. Bednarski, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, M. Buscher, H. Calen, H. Clement, D. Coderre, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, E. Doroshkevich, R. Engels, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, P. Goslawski, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, F. Hauenstein, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, F. Hinterberger, M. Hodana, B. Hoistad, A. Jany, BR. Jany, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, FA. Khan, A. Khoukaz, S. Kistryn, J. Klaja, H. Kleines, B. Klos, M. Krapp, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, L. Li, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, M. Mikirtychiants, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, BK. Nandi, S. Niedzwiecki, H. Ohm, I. Ozerianska, EP. del Rio, P. Plucinski, P. Podkopal, et al.
abstract
Exclusive and kinematically complete high-statistics measurements of the basic double-pionic fusion reactions pn -> d pi(0)pi(0), pn -> d pi(+)pi(-) and pp -> d pi(+)pi(0) have been carried out simultaneously over the energy region of the ABC effect using the WASA detector setup at COSY. Whereas the isoscalar reaction part given by the d pi(0)pi(0) channel exhibits the ABC effect, i.e. a low-mass enhancement in the pi pi-invariant mass distribution, as well as the associated resonance structure in the total cross section, the isovector part given by the d pi(+)pi(0) channel shows a smooth behavior consistent with the conventional t-channel Delta Delta process. The d pi(+)pi(-) data are very well reproduced by combining the data for isovector and isoscalar contributions, if the kinematical consequences of the isospin violation due to different masses for charged and neutral pions are taken into account. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Investigation of the dd -> 3henpi0 reaction with the FZ Jülich WASA-at-COSY facility
P. Adlarson, ..., W. Bardan, I. Ciepał, E. Czerwiński, M. Hodana, J. Klaja, W. Krzemień, I. Ozerianska, P. Moskal, M. Skurzok,M. Zieliński, et al.
abstract
An exclusive measurement of the dd?3Hen?0 reaction was carried out at a beam momentum of pd= 1.2 GeV/c using the WASA-at-COSY facility. Information on the total cross section as well as differential distributions was obtained. The data are described by a phenomenological approach based on a combination of a quasifree model and a partial wave expansion for the three-body reaction. The total cross section is found to be ?tot=(2.89?0.01stat?0.06sys?0.29norm) ?b. The contribution of the quasifree processes (with the beam or target neutron being a spectator) accounts for 38% of the total cross section and dominates the differential distributions in specific regions of phase space. The remaining part of the cross section can be described by a partial wave decomposition indicating the significance of p-wave contributions in the final state.
Search for a dark photon in the pi0->e+e-gamma decay
P. Adlarson, ..., M. Hodana, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, I. Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M. Zieliński et al.
abstract
The presently world largest data sample of pi0 --> gamma e+e- decays containing nearly 5E5 events was collected using the WASA detector at COSY. A search for a dark photon U produced in the pi0 --> gamma U --> gamma e+e- decay from the pp-->pppi^0 reaction was carried out. An upper limit on the square of the U-gamma mixing strength parameter epsilon^2 of 5e-6 at 90% CL was obtained for the mass range 30 MeV
TOF-PET detector concept based on organic scintillators
P. Moskal, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, M. Ciszewska, E. Czerwiński, A. Heczko, M. Kajetanowicz, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Konopka-Cupiał, G. Korcyl, W. Krzemień, K. Łojek, J. Majewski, W. Migdał, M. Molenda, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, J. Zdebik, M. Zieliński
abstract
In this contribution we present a new concept of the large acceptance detector systems based on organic scintillators which may allow for simultaneous diagnostic of large fraction of the human body. Novelty of the concept lies in employing large blocks of polymer scintillators instead of crystals as detectors of annihilation quanta, and in using predominantly the timing of signals instead of their amplitudes.
Strip-PET: a novel detector concept for the TOF-PET scanner
P. Moskal, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, M. Ciszewska, E. Czerwiński, A. Heczko, M. Kajetanowicz, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Konopka-Cupiał, G. Korcyl, W. Krzemień, K. Łojek, J. Majewski, W. Migdał, M. Molenda, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, J. Zdebik, M. Zieliński
abstract
We briefly present a design of a new PET scanner based on
strips of polymer scintillators arranged in a barrel constituting
a large acceptance detector. The solution proposed is based on
the superior timing properties of the polymer scintillators. The
position and time of the reaction of the gamma quanta in the
detector material will be determined based on the time of arrival
of light signals to the edges of the scintillator strips.
Search for the eta-mesic 4He with WASA-at-COSY detector
P. Adlarson, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, T. Bednarski, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, M. Buscher, H. Calen, H. Clement, D. Coderre, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, E. Doroshkevich, R. Engels, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, P. Goslawski, A. Goswami, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, F. Hauenstein, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, F. Hinterberger, M. Hodana, B. Hoistad, A. Jany, BR. Jany, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, FA. Khan, A. Khoukaz, S. Kistryn, J. Klaja, H. Kleines, B. Klos, M. Krapp, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, L. Li, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, M. Mikirtychiants, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, BK. Nandi, S. Niedzwiecki, H. Ohm, I. Ozerianska, EP. del Rio, P. Plucinski, P. Podkopal, et al.
abstract
An exclusive measurement of the excitation function for the dd->3Heppi- reaction was performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Juelich with the WASA-at-COSY detection system. The data were taken during a slow acceleration of the beam from 2.185 GeV/c to 2.400 GeV/c crossing the kinematic threshold for the eta meson production in the dd->4He-eta reaction at 2.336 GeV/c. The corresponding excess energy with respect to the 4He-eta system varied from -51.4MeV to 22MeV. The integrated luminosity in the experiment was determined using the dd->3Hen reaction. The shape of the excitation function for the dd->3Heppi- was examined. No signal of the 4He-eta bound state was observed. An upper limit for the cross-section for the bound state formation and decay in the process dd->(4He-eta)bound->3Heppi- was determined on the 90% confidence level and it varies from 20nb to 27nb for the bound state width ranging from 5MeV to 35MeV, respectively.
Abashian-Booth-Crowe resonance structure in the double pionic fusion to He-4
P. Adlarson, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, T. Bednarski, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, KT. Brinkmann, M. Buscher, H. Calen, H. Clement, D. Coderre, E. Czerwinski, K. Demmich, E. Doroshkevich, R. Engels, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, P. Goslawski, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, F. Hauenstein, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, F. Hinterberger, M. Hodana, B. Hoistad, C. Husmann, A. Jany, BR. Jany, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, FA. Khan, A. Khoukaz, S. Kistryn, J. Klaja, H. Kleines, B. Klos, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, K. Lalwani, D. Lersch, L. Li, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, M. Mikirtychiants, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, BK. Nandi, S. Niedzwiecki, H. Ohm, I. Ozerianska, C. Pauly, EP. del Rio, Y. Petukhov, et al.
abstract
Exclusive and kinematically complete high-statistics measurements of the double pionic fusion reaction dd?4He?0?0 have been performed in the energy range 0.8?1.4 GeV covering thus the region of the Abashian-Booth-Crowe effect, which denotes a pronounced low-mass enhancement in the ?? invariant mass spectrum. The experiments were carried out with the WASA detector setup at the cooler synchrotron at Forshungszentrum Julich GmbH. Similar to the observation in the basic pn?d?0?0 reaction, the data reveal a correlation between the ABC effect and a resonancelike energy dependence in the total cross section. The maximum occurs at m=2.37 GeV + 2mN, i.e., at the same position as in the basic reaction. The observed resonance width ??160 MeV can be understood from broadening due to Fermi motion of the nucleons in initial and final nuclei together with collision damping. Differential cross sections are described equally well by the hypothesis of a pn resonance formation during the reaction process.
Technical Design Report for the PANDA (AntiProton Annihilations at Darmstadt) Straw Tube Tracker
W. Erni, ..., S. Jowzaee, M. Kajetanowicz, B. Kamys, S. Kistryn, G. Korcyl, K. Korcyl, W. Krzemień, A. Magiera, P. Moskal, M. Palka, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, J. Smyrski, A. Wrońska et al.
abstract
This document describes the technical layout and the expected performance of the Straw Tube Tracker (STT), the main tracking detector of the PANDA target spectrometer. The STT encloses a Micro-Vertex-Detector (MVD) for the inner tracking and is followed in beam direction by a set of GEM-stations. The tasks of the STT are the measurement of the particle momentum from the reconstructed trajectory and the measurement of the specific energy-loss for a particle identification. Dedicated simulations with full analysis studies of certain proton-antiproton reactions, identified as being benchmark tests for the whole Panda scientific program, have been performed to test the STT layout and performance. The results are presented, and the time lines to construct the STT are described.
Exclusive measurement of the eta->pi+ pi- gamma decay
P. Adlarson, C. Adolph, W. Augustyniak, W. Bardan, M. Bashkanov, T. Bednarski, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, KT. Brinkmann, M. Buscher, H. Calen, H. Clement, D. Coderre, E. Czerwinski, E. Doroshkevich, R. Engels, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, P. Goslawski, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, C. Hanhart, L. Heijkenskjold, J. Heimlich, V. Hejny, F. Hinterberger, M. Hodana, B. Hoistad, M. Jacewicz, A. Jany, BR. Jany, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, O. Khakimova, A. Khoukaz, S. Kistryn, J. Klaja, H. Kleines, B. Klos, F. Kren, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, K. Lalwani, S. Leupold, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, B. Marianski, P. Marciniewski, UG. Meissner, M. Mikirtychiants, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, BK. Nandi, S. Niedzwiecki, H. Ohm, A. Passfeld, C. Pauly, et al.
abstract
An exclusive measurement of the decay eta --> pi+ pi- gamma has been performed at the WASA facility at COSY. The eta mesons were produced in the fusion reaction pd --> 3He X at a proton beam momentum of 1.7 GeV/c. Efficiency corrected differential distributions have been extracted based on 13340pm140 events after background subtraction. The measured pion angular distribution is consistent with a relative p-wave of the two-pion system, whereas the measured photon energy spectrum was found at variance with the simplest gauge invariant matrix element of eta --> pi+ pi- gamma. A parameterization of the data can be achieved by the additional inclusion of the empirical pion vector form factor multiplied by a first-order polynomial in the squared invariant mass of the pi+ pi- system.
Search for the He-eta bound states with the WASA-at-COSY facility
M. Skurzok, P. Moskal, W. Krzemień
abstract
The existence of eta-mesic nuclei in which the eta meson is bound in a nucleus by means of the strong interaction was postulated already in 1986, albeit not yet confirmed it by experiment. The discovery of this new kind of an exotic nuclear matter would be very important as it might allow for a better understanding of the eta meson structure and its interaction with nucleons. The search for eta-mesic helium (4He-eta) is carried out with high statistics and high acceptance with the WASA detector, installed at the cooler synchrotron COSY of the Research Center Juelich. The search is conducted via the measurement of the excitation function for selected decay channels of the 4He-eta system. In the experiment, performed in November 2010, two reactions dd -> (4He-eta)bs -> 3He p pi- and dd -> (4He-eta)bs -> 3He n pi0 were measured with a beam momentum ramped from 2.127GeV/c to 2.422GeV/c. The report includes the description of the experimental method and status of the measurement.
pi0 pi0 Production in proton-proton collisions at Tp=1.4 GeV
P. Adlarson, C. Adolph, W. Augustyniak, M. Bashkanov, T. Bednarski, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, KT. Brinkmann, M. Buscher, H. Calen, H. Clement, D. Coderre, E. Czerwinski, E. Doroshkevich, R. Engels, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, P. Goslawski, K. Grigoryev, CO. Gullstrom, L. Heijkenskjold, J. Heimlich, V. Hejny, F. Hinterberger, M. Hodana, B. Hoistad, M. Jacewicz, M. Janusz, A. Jany, BR. Jany, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, O. Khakimova, A. Khoukaz, S. Kistryn, J. Klaja, H. Kleines, B. Klos, F. Kren, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, A. Kupsc, K. Lalwani, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, B. Marianski, P. Marciniewski, M. Mikirtychiants, HP. Morsch, P. Moskal, BK. Nandi, S. Niedzwiecki, H. Ohm, A. Passfeld, C. Pauly, EP. del Rio, Y. Petukhov, N. Piskunov, et al.
abstract
The reaction pp->pppi0pi0 has been investigated at a beam energy of 1.4 GeV using the WASA-at-COSY facility. The total cross section is found to be (324 +- 21_systematic +- 58_normalization) mub. In order to to study the production mechanism, differential kinematical distributions have been evaluated. The differential distributions indicate that both initial state protons are excited into intermediate Delta(1232) resonances, each decaying into a proton and a single pion, thereby producing the pion pair in the final state. No significant contribution of the Roper resonance N*(1440) via its decay into a proton and two pions is found
Search for eta-mesic Helium with the WASA-at-COSY detector
W. Krzemien, P. Moskal, J. Smyrski, M. Skurzok
abstract
A search for the He-4 - eta bound state via exclusive measurement of the excitation function for the dd -> He-3 p pi(-) reaction, was performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Julich with the WASA-at-COSY detection system. The data were taken during a slow acceleration of the beam from 2.185 GeV/c to 2.400 GeV/c crossing the kinematic threshold for the eta production in the dd -> He-4 eta reaction at 2.336 GeV/c. The corresponding excess energy in the He-4 - eta system varied from -51.4 MeV to 22 MeV. The shape of the excitation function for the dd -> (3)Hep pi(-) was examined. No signal of the He-4 - eta bound state was observed in the excitation function.
Abashian-Booth-Crowe effect in basic double fusion: A new resonance?
P. Adlarson, C. Adolph, W. Augustyniak, V. Baru, M. Bashkanov, T. Bednarski, FS. Bergmann, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, KT. Brinkmann, M. Buscher, H. Calen, H. Clement, D. Coderre, E. Czerwinski, E. Doroshkevich, C. Ekstrom, R. Engels, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, K. Fohl, K. Fransson, F. Goldenbaum, P. Goslawski, K. Grigoryev, V. Grishina, CO. Gullstrom, J. Hampe, C. Hanhart, L. Heijkenskjold, V. Hejny, F. Hinterberger, M. Hodana, B. Hoistad, M. Jacewicz, M. Janusz, A. Jany, BR. Jany, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, O. Khakimova, A. Khoukaz, S. Kistryn, J. Klaja, H. Kleines, B. Klos, F. Kren, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, S. Kullander, A. Kupsc, K. Lalwani, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, R. Maier, P. Marciniewski, B. Marianski, M. Mikirtychiants, P. Moskal, HP. Morsch, BK. Nandi, S. Niedzwiecki, H. Ohm, et al.
abstract
We report on an exclusive and kinematically complete high-statistics measurement of the basic double-pionic fusion reaction pn->dpi0pi0 over the full energy region of the ABC effect, a pronounced low-mass enhancement in the pipi-invariant mass spectrum. The measurements, which cover also the transition region to the conventional t-channel DeltaDelta process, were performed with the upgraded WASA detector setup at COSY. The data reveal the Abashian-Booth-Crowe effect to be uniquely correlated with a Lorentzian energy dependence in the integral cross section. The observables are consistent with a narrow resonance with m=2.37??GeV, Gamma aprox 70 MeV and I(JP)=0(3+) in both pn and DeltaDelta systems. Necessary further tests of the resonance interpretation are discussed.
Determination of the total width of the eta-prime meson
E. Czerwiński, P. Moskal, D. Grzonka, R. Czyżykiewicz, D. Gil, B. Kamys, A. Khoukaz, J. Klaja, P. Klaja, W. Krzemień, W. Oelert, J. Ritman, T. Sefzick, M. Siemaszko, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Täschner, M. Wolke, P. Wüstner, J. Zdebik, M. Zieliński, W. Zipper
abstract
Taking advantage of both the low-emittance proton beam of the cooler synchrotron COSY and the high momentum precision of the COSY-11 detector system, the mass distribution of the eta-prime meson was measured with a resolution of 0.33??MeV/c2 (FWHM), improving the experimental mass resolution by almost an order of magnitude with respect to previous results. Based on the sample of more than 2300 reconstructed pp->pp eta-prime events, the total width of the eta-prime meson was determined to be Gamma(eta-prime) = 0.226+-0.017(stat)+-0.014(syst)??MeV/c2.
Two-proton correlation function for the pp -> pp + eta and pp to pp + pions reactions
P. Klaja, P. Moskal, E. Czerwiński, R. Czyżykiewicz, A. Deloff, D. Gil, D. Grzonka, B. Kamys, A. Khoukaz, J. Klaja, W. Krzemień, W. Oelert, J. Ritman, T. Sefzick, M. Siemaszko, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Täschner, M. Wolke, J. Zdebik, M. Zieliński, W. Zipper
abstract
For the very first time, the correlation femtoscopy method is applied to a kinematically complete measurement of meson production in the collisions of hadrons. A two-proton correlation function was derived from the data for the pp -> ppX reaction, measured near the threshold of eta meson production. A technique developed for the purpose of this analysis permitted the correlation function to be established separately for the production of the pp + eta and of the pp + pions systems. The shape of the two-proton correlation function for pp-eta differs from that for pp(pions) and both do not show a peak structure, opposite to the results determined for inclusive measurements of heavy ion collisions.
Two-proton correlation function for the pp -> pp plus eta and pp -> pp plus pions reactions
P. Klaja, P. Moskal, E. Czerwinski, R. Czyzykiewicz, A. Deloff, D. Gil, D. Grzonka, B. Kamys, A. Khoukaz, J. Klaja, W. Krzemien, W. Oelert, J. Ritman, T. Sefzick, M. Siemaszko, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Taschner, M. Wolke, J. Zdebik, M. Zielinski, W. Zipper
abstract
For the very first time, the correlation femtoscopy method is applied to a kinematically complete measurement of meson production in the collisions of hadrons. A two-proton correlation function was derived from the data for the pp -> ppX reaction, measured near the threshold of eta meson production. A technique developed for the purpose of this analysis permitted the correlation function to be established separately for the production of the pp + eta and of the pp + pions systems. The shape of the two-proton correlation function for pp eta differs from that for pp(pions) and both do not show a peak structure, opposite to the results determined for inclusive measurements of heavy ion collisions.
Upper limit of the total cross section for the pn->pn eta-prime reaction
J. Klaja, P. Moskal, S. D. Bass, E. Czerwiński, R. Czyżykiewicz, D. Gil, D. Grzonka, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, A. Khoukaz, P. Klaja, W. Krzemień, W. Oelert, B. Rejdych, J. Ritman, T. Sefzick, M. Siemaszko, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Täschner, M. Wolke, P. Wüstner, J. Zdebik, M. Zieliński, W. Zipper
abstract
The upper limit of the total cross section for the pn->pneta-prime reaction has been determined near the kinematical threshold in the excess energy range from 0 to 24 MeV. The measurement was performed using the COSY-11 detector setup, a deuteron cluster target, and the proton beam of COSY with a momentum of 3.35 GeV/c. The energy dependence of the upper limit of the cross section was extracted exploiting the Fermi momenta of nucleons inside the deuteron. Comparison of the determined upper limit of the ratio R(eta-prime)=sigma(pn->pneta-prime)/sigma(pp->ppeta-prime) with the corresponding ratio for eta-meson production does not favor the dominance of the N*(1535) resonance in the production process of the eta-prime meson and suggests nonidentical production mechanisms for eta and eta-prime mesons.
Upper limit of the total cross section for the pn -> pn eta' reaction
J. Klaja, P. Moskal, SD. Bass, E. Czerwinski, R. Czyzykiewicz, D. Gil, D. Grzonka, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, A. Khoukaz, P. Klaja, W. Krzemien, W. Oelert, B. Rejdych, J. Ritman, T. Sefzick, M. Siemaszko, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Taschner, M. Wolke, P. Wustner, J. Zdebik, M. Zielinski, W. Zipper
abstract
The upper limit of the total cross section for the pn -> pn eta' reaction has been determined near the kinematical threshold in the excess energy range from 0 to 24 MeV. The measurement was performed using the COSY-11 detector setup, a deuteron cluster target, and the proton beam of COSY with a momentum of 3.35 GeV/c. The energy dependence of the upper limit of the cross section was extracted exploiting the Fermi momenta of nucleons inside the deuteron. Comparison of the determined upper limit of the ratio R-eta' = sigma(pn -> pn eta')/sigma(pp -> pp eta') with the corresponding ratio for eta-meson production does not favor the dominance of the N*(1535) resonance in the production process of the eta' meson and suggests nonidentical production mechanisms for eta and eta' mesons.
Invariant-mass distributions for the pp -> pp eta reaction at Q=10 MeV
P. Moskal, R. Czyzykiewicz, E. Czerwinski, D. Gil, D. Grzonka, L. Jarczyk, B. Kamys, A. Khoukaz, J. Klaja, P. Klaja, W. Krzemien, W. Oelert, J. Ritman, T. Sefzick, M. Siemaszko, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Taschner, M. Wolke, P. Wustner, J. Zdebik, MJ. Zielinski, W. Zipper
abstract
Proton-proton and proton-eta invariant-mass distributions and the total cross-section for the pp -> pp eta reaction have been determined near the threshold at an excess energy of Q = 10 MeV. The experiment has been conducted using the COSY-11 detector setup and the cooler synchrotron COSY. The determined invariant-mass spectra reveal significant enhancements in the region of low proton-proton relative momenta, similarly as observed previously at higher excess energies of Q = 15.5 MeV and Q = 40 MeV.
Invariant mass distributions for the pp->pp eta reaction at Q = 10 MeV
P. Moskal, R. Czyżykiewicz, E. Czerwiński, D. Gil, D. Grzonka, L. Jarczyk, B. Kamys, A. Khoukaz, J. Klaja, P. Klaja, W. Krzemień, W. Oelert, J. Ritman, T. Sefzick, M. Siemaszko, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Taschner, M. Wolke, P. Wustner, J. Zdebik, M. Zieliński, W. Zipper
abstract
Proton-proton and proton-eta invariant-mass distributions and the total cross-section for the pp -> pp h reaction have been determined near the threshold at an excess energy of Q = 10 MeV. The experiment has been conducted using the COSY-11 detector setup and the cooler synchrotron COSY. The determined invariant-mass spectra reveal significant enhancements in the region of low proton-proton relative momenta, similarly as observed previously at higher excess energies of Q = 15.5 MeV and Q = 40 MeV.
Generalized Dalitz plot analysis of the near-threshold pp -> ppK(+)K(-) reaction in view of the K+K- final state interaction
M. Silarski, P. Moskal, E. Czerwinski, R. Czyzykiewicz, D. Gil, D. Grzonka, L. Jarczyk, B. Kamys, A. Khoukaz, J. Klaja, P. Klaja, W. Krzemien, W. Oelert, J. Ritman, T. Sefzick, M. Siemaszko, J. Smyrski, A. Taschner, P. Winter, M. Wolke, P. Wustner, M. Zielinski, W. Zipper, J. Zdebik
abstract
The excitation function for the pp -> ppK(+)K(-) reaction revealed a significant enhancement close to threshold that may plausibly be assigned to the influence of the pK(-) and K+K- final-state interactions. In an improved reanalysis of COSY-11 data for the pp -> ppK(+)K(-) reaction at excess energies of Q = 10 and 28 MeV, including the proton-K- interaction, the enhancement is confirmed. Invariant mass distributions for the two- and three-particle subsystems allow us to test at low excess energies the ansatz and parameters for the description of the interaction in the ppK(+)K(-) system as derived from the COSY-ANKE data. Finally, based for the first time on the low-energy K+K- invariant mass distributions and the generalized Dalitz plot analysis, we estimate the scattering length for the K+K- interaction to be vertical bar Re(a(K+K-))vertical bar = 0.5(-0.5)(+4.0) fm and Im(a(K+K-)) = 3.0 +/- 3.0 fm.
Generalized Dalitz plot analysis of the near-threshold pp->ppK+K- reaction in view of the K+K- final state interaction
M. Silarski, P. Moskal, E. Czerwiński, R. Czyżykiewicz, D. Gil, D. Grzonka, L. Jarczyk, B. Kamys, A. Khoukaz, J. Klaja, P. Klaja, W. Krzemień, W. Oelert, J. Ritman, T. Sefzick, M. Siemaszko, J. Smyrski, A. Täschner, P. Winter, M. Wolke, P. Wüstner, M. Zieliński, W. Zipper, J. Zdebik
abstract
The excitation function for the pp->ppK+K- reaction revealed a significant enhancement close to threshold which may plausibly be assigned to the influence of the pK- and K+K- final state interactions. In an improved reanalysis of COSY-11 data for the pp-> ppK+K- reaction at excess energies of Q = 10 MeV and 28 MeV including the proton-K- interaction the enhancement is confirmed. Invariant mass distributions for the two- and three-particle subsystems allow to test at low excess energies the ansatz and parameters for the description of the interaction in the ppK+K- system as derived from the COSY-ANKE data. Finally, based for the first time on the low energy K+K- invariant mass distributions and the generalized Dalitz plot analysis, we estimate the scattering length for the K+K- interaction to be |Re(a_K+K-)| = 0.5 + 4.0 -0.5 fm and Im(a_K+K-) = 3.0 +- 3.0 fm.
Measurement of the eta->3pi0 Dalitz plot distribution with the WASA detector at COSY
WASA-at-COSY Collaboration: C. Adolph, ..., E. Czerwiński, R. Czyżykiewicz, M. Hodana, M. Janusz, J. Klaja, P. Klaja, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, M. Zieliński, et al.
abstract
In the first production run of the WASA experiment at COSY, the eta decay into three neutral pions was measured in proton?proton interactions at a proton beam kinetic energy of 1.4 GeV. The Dalitz plot of the three pions was studied using fully reconstructed events, and the quadratic slope parameter ? was determined to be . The result is consistent with previous measurements and further corroborates the importance of pion?pion final state interactions.
Measurement of the eta -> 3 pi(0) Dalitz plot distribution with the WASA detector at COSY
C. Adolph, M. Angelstein, M. Bashkanov, U. Bechstedt, S. Belostotski, M. Berlowski, H. Bhatt, J. Bisplinghoff, A. Bondar, B. Borasoy, M. Buscher, H. Calen, K. Chandwani, H. Clement, E. Czerwinski, R. Czyzykiewicz, G. D'Orsaneo, D. Duniec, C. Ekstrom, R. Engels, W. Erven, W. Eyrich, P. Fedorets, O. Felden, K. Fransson, D. Gil, F. Goldenbaum, K. Grigoryev, A. Heczko, C. Hanhart, V. Hejny, F. Hinterberger, M. Hodana, B. Hoistad, A. Izotov, M. Jacewicz, M. Janusz, BR. Jany, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, G. Kemmerling, I. Keshelashvili, O. Khakimova, A. Khoukaz, K. Kilian, N. Kimura, S. Kistryn, J. Klaja, P. Klaja, H. Kleines, B. Klos, A. Kowalczyk, F. Kren, W. Krzemien, P. Kulessa, S. Kullander, A. Kupsc, A. Kuzmin, V. Kyryanchuk, J. Majewski, H. Machner, A. Magiera, R. Maier, R. Marciniewski, W. Migdal, UG. Meissner, et al.
abstract
In the first production run of the WASA experiment at COSY, the eta decay into three neutral pions was measured in proton-proton interactions at a proton beam kinetic energy of 1.4 GeV. The Dalitz plot of the three pious was Studied using 1.2 x 10(5) fully reconstructed events. and the quadratic slope parameter alpha was determined to be -0.027 +/- 0.008(stat) +/- 0.005(syst). The result is consistent with previous measurements and further corroborates the importance of pion-pion final state interactions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Isospin dependence of the eta-prime meson production in nucleon-nucleon collisions
J. Przerwa, P. Moskal, A. Budzanowski, E. Czerwiński, R. Czyżykiewicz, D. Gil, D. Grzonka, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, A. Khoukaz, P. Klaja, W. Krzemień, W. Oelert, C. Piskor-Ignatowicz, J. Ritman, B. Rejdych, T. Sefzick, M. Siemaszko, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Taschner, M. Wolke, P. Wustner, J. Zdebik, M. Zieliński, W. Zipper
abstract
A comparison of the close-to-threshold total cross section for the eta prime production in pp -> pp eta prime and pn -> pn eta prime reactions constitutes a tool to investigate the eta prime meson structure and the reaction mechanism in the channels of isospin I=0 and I=1 and may provide insight into the flavour-singlet (perhaps also into gluonium) content of the eta prime meson. In this contribution we present preliminary results of measurement of the quasi-free production of the eta prime meson in the proton-neutron collisions conducted using the COSY-11 facility.
ISOSPIN DEPENDENCE OF THE eta ' MESON PRODUCTION IN NUCLEON-NUCLEON COLLISIONS
J. Przerwa, P. Moskal, A. Budzanowski, E. Czerwinski, R. Czyzykiewicz, D. Gil, D. Grzonka, L. Jarczyk, T. Johansson, B. Kamys, A. Khoukaz, P. Klaja, W. Krzemien, W. Oelert, C. Piskor-Ignatowicz, J. Ritman, B. Rejdych, T. Sefzick, M. Siemaszko, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Taschner, M. Wolke, P. Wustner, J. Zdebik, MJ. Zielinski, W. Zipper
abstract
A comparison of the close-to-threshold total cross section for the eta' production in pp -> pp eta' and pn -> pn eta' reactions constitutes a tool to investigate the eta' meson structure and the reaction mechanism in the channels of isospin I = 0 and I = 1 and may provide insight into the flavour-singlet (perhaps also into gluonium) content of the eta' meson. In this contribution we present preliminary results of measurement of the quasifree production of the eta' meson in the proton-neutron collisions conducted using the COSY-11 facility.
SEARCH FOR THE He-3-eta BOUND STATE AT COSY-11
W. Krzemien, J. Smyrski, A. Budzanowski, E. Czerwinski, R. Czyzykiewicz, D. Gil, D. Grzonka, L. Jarczyk, B. Kamys, A. Khoukaz, P. Klaja, P. Moskal, W. Oelert, J. Przerwa, J. Ritman, T. Sefzick, M. Siemaszko, M. Silarski, A. Taschner, M. Wolke, P. Wustner, J. Zdebik, MJ. Zielinski, W. Zipper
abstract
We have measured excitation function for dp -> ppp pi(-) reaction near the. production threshold. We observe an enhancement of the counting rate above the threshold which can originate from the production of the. meson in the reaction dp -> He-3 eta and its subsequent absorption on neutron in the 3He nucleus leading to creation of the p pi(-) pair.
Search for the 3He-eta bound state at COSY-11
W. Krzemien, J. Smyrski, A. Budzanowski, E. Czerwiński, R. Czyżykiewicz, D. Gil, D. Grzonka, L. Jarczyk, B. Kamys, A. Khoukaz, P. Klaja, P. Moskal, W. Oelert, J. Przerwa, J. Ritman, T. Sefzick, M. Siemaszko, M. Silarski, A. Taeschner, M. Wolke, P. Wuestner, J. Zdebik, M. Zieliński, W. Zipper
abstract
We have measured excitation function for dp -> ppp_pi- reaction near the eta production threshold. We observe an enhancement of the counting rate above the threshold which can originate from the production of the eta meson in the reaction dp -> 3He eta and its subsequent absorption on neutron in the 3He nucleus leading to creation of the p_pi- pair.
A general purpose trigger and readout board for HADES and FAIR-experiments
I. Frohlich, M. Kajetanowicz, K. Korcy, W. Krzemien, M. Palka, P. Salabura, C. Schrader, P. Skott, H. Strobele, J. Stroth, A. Tarantola, M. Traxler, R. Trebacz, S. Yurevich
abstract
HADES is a running spectrometer installed at GSI, Germany. PANDA and CBM are planned detector systems for the new FAIR facility at GSI. For these detectors, a general-purpose trigger and readout board with on-board DAQ functionality was developed. The original motivation for this project was the implementation of a 128-channel time to digital converter (TDC) with a time resolution of sigma = 40 ps based on the HPTDC chip from CERN into a fully fledged data acquisition system. The application of the board is detector independent, includes a 2 Gbit/s optical link and has the option to employ the TDC chips and/or to integrate versatile add-on boards through 16 Gbit/s connectors. The latter one may interface to the front end electronics of other types of detectors. A large FPGA (Xilinx Virtex 4 LX40) and a TigerSharc DSP can be used as on-board resources for trigger and on-line analysis algorithms. Data transfer to mass storage and slow control is done via an ETRAX processor running Linux and a 100 Mbit/s Ethernet interface.
TRB for HADES and FAIR experiments at GSI
I. Frohlich, C. Schrader, H. Stroeble, J. Stroth, A. Tarantrola, M. Kajetanowicz, K. Korcyl, W. Krzemien, M. Palka, P. Salabura, R. Trebacz, P. Skott, M. Traxler
abstract
TRB module is a multi-purpose Trigger and Readout Board with on-board DAQ functionality developed for the upgrade of the HADES experiment. It contains single computer chip (Etrax) running Linux and the 100 Mbit/s Ethernet interface. It has been orginally designed as the 128-channel Time to Digital Converter based on the HPTDC chip from CERN. The new version of TRB contains 2 Gbit/s optical link and interface connector (15 Gbit/s) implementing the add-on card concept and making the board more flexible. Moreover, FPGA chip (Xilinx, Virtex 4 LX 40) and TigerSharc DSP provide new computing resources which can be used to run on-line analysis algorithms. The TRB is proposed as a prototype of base readout module for the planned detector systems PANDA and CBM at the future FAIR facility at GSI-Darmstadt.
PROTOTYPE DRIFT CHAMBER FOR TRACKING AT SMALL ANGLES IN THE PANDA EXPERIMENT
J. Smyrski, P. Hawranek, W. Krzemien, P. Salabura, A. Wronska
abstract
A prototype drift chamber for tracking at small angles in the high rate environment of the PANDA experiment has been built. The chamber contains 1 cm x 1 cm drift cells arranged in two double layers. The most central wires are mounted on insulating rings surrounding the beam pipe. Results of the chamber tests with a beam of up to 5.10(6) protons per second indicate a drop of detection efficiency by about 5% at the highest measured flux of 0.2 MHz/cm(2).
A general purpose trigger and readout board for HADES and FAIR-experiments
I. Frohlich, M. Kajetanowicz, K. Korcyl, W. Krzemien, A. Palka, P. Salabura, C. Schrader, P. Skott, H. Strobele, J. Stroth, A. Tarantola, M. Traxler, R. Trebacz
abstract
HADES is a running spectrometer installed at GSI, Germany. PANDA and CBM are planned detector systems for the new FAIR facility at GSL For these detectors, a general-purpose trigger and readout board (TRB) with on-board DAQ functionality was developed. Data readout and slow control is done via an Etrax processor running Linux and a 100 Mbit/s Ethernet interface. The original motivation and application of the hardware is the implementation of a 128-channel Time to Digital Converter (TDC) electronics based on the HPTDC from CERN (we achieve sigma = 40 ps resolution). However, it has been developed in a way to be detector independent and thus may serve for any high-speed data acquisition by using a flexible add-on board concept (interface connector 15 Gbit/s) and an optical link (2 Gbit/s). A large FPGA (Xilinx Virtex 4 LX40) and a TigerSharc DSP can be used as on-board resources for trigger and on-line analysis algorithms.
Search for the He-4-eta bound state with WASA-at-COSY
W. Krzemien, J. Smyrski
abstract
We propose to search for the He-4 - eta bound state via measurement of the excitation functions for the dd -> (3)Hp pi(0), (3)Hn pi(+), (3)Hen pi(0),(3)Hep pi(-) reactions where the outgoing N - pi pairs originate from the conversion of the eta meson on a nucleon inside the He-4 nucleus. Precise determination of the profile of the expected Breit-Wigner distribution in the excitation curves will allow to determine the binding energy and the width of the He-4 - eta bound state.
Feasibility studies of Dark Photon searches with the J-PET detector
Justyna Mędrala-Sowa, Elena Perez del Rio, Wojciech Krzemień
abstract
Symposium on new trends in Nuclear and Medical Physics
Feasibility studies of dark photon searches with the J-PET detector
J. Mędrala-Sowa, E. Perez del Rio, W. Krzemień
published in: Acta Phys. Pol. B Proc. Suppl. 17 (2024) 1-A5
The positronium, a bound state of electron and positron, is a unique system to perform highly precise tests, due to no hadronic background and precise Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) predictions. Being a system of lepton and antilepton, its properties are precisely described by QED in the Standard Model (SM). The final events topology can be simulated using Monte Carlo techniques. The J-PET detector is a multi-purpose, large acceptance system that is very well-suitable to the studies of positronium decay due to its excellent angular (1?) and timing resolutions. We present preliminary results on the feasibility of searching for Dark Matter (DM) candidates in the decay o-Ps -> invisible with the J-PET, which is wellsuited for the detection of positronium-decay products. Toy Monte Carlo simulations have been prepared to incorporate DM decay models to the oPs decay expectations in order to assess the detector capabilities to search for such an elusive component of our Universe.
Feasibility study of positronium imaging with Biograph Vision Quadra and Modular J-PET
S. Parzych, J. Baran, E. Yitayew Beyene, M. Conti, A. Coussat, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, K. Valsan Eliyan, A. Gajos, B. Hiesmayr, A. Jędruszczak, K. Kacprzak, M. Kajetanowicz, T. Kaplanoglu, Ł. Kapłon, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, D. Kumar, G. Łapkiewicz, L. Mercolli, W. Migdał, S. Moyo, W. Mryka, S. Niedźwiecki, E. Pérez Del Río, L. Raczyński, A. Rominger, H. Sari, S. Sharma, K. Shi, S. Shivani, R. Shopa, M. Skurzok, W.M. Steinberger, E. Stępień, P. Tanty, F. Tayefi, K. Tayefi Ardebili, W. Wiślicki, P. Moskal
published in: 2023 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and International Symposium on Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detectors
Positronium Imaging is gaining interest as a new promising method that may improve the diagnostic specificity of Positron Emission Tomography. Recently, the first ex-vivo and in-vivo positronium lifetime images were demonstrated by means of the dedicated multi-photon J-PET system. The latest upgrades of the Biograph Vision Quadra (Siemens Healthineers) to the singles mode acquisition open the possibility of multi-photon imaging. In this simulation-based work, sensitivity of both systems has been assessed as a function of the energy window applied for registration of the prompt photon. The research was conducted using four radioisotopes: 124 I, 68 Ga, 44 Sc, 22 Na, which were chosen due to their medical or laboratory utilization. Simulations were performed with the GATE software. The result indicates that Biograph Vision Quadra provides about 400 times higher sensitivity with respect to the modular J-PET prototype used to demonstrate the first positronium images, assuming full energy acquisition of the prompt photon.
Performance of NEMA characteristics of Modular J-PET
F. Tayefi Ardebili, S. Niedźwiecki, J. Baran, E. Beyene, D. Borys, K. Brzezinski, N. Chug, A. Coussat, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, K. Eliyan, J. Gajewski, A. Gajos, B. Hiesmayr, A. Jędruszczak, K. Kacprzak, M. Kajetanowicz, T. Kaplanoglu, Ł. Kapłon, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, D. Kumar, G. Łapkiewicz, W. Migdał, S. Moyo, W. Mryka, S. Parzych, E. Pérez del Río, L. Raczyński, S. Sharma, S. Shivani, R. Shopa, M. Skurzok, P. Tanty, K. Tayefi Ardebili, W. Wislicki, E. Stępień, P. Moskal
published in: 2023 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and International Symposium on Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detectors
The Modular J-PET scanner, developed by the J-PET collaboration, is a new prototype PET scanner developed based on axially arranged plastic scintillators as a large axial field of view (50cm) affordable tomograph. In this study, the performance characteristics of the scanner were evaluated according to NEMA NU2-2018 standards using Monte Carlo simulation. In order to ensure the selection of true coincidence events, certain criteria were established. Specifically, each photon emitting from a single annihilation must deposit at least 200 keV within 4 ns of a coincidence time window. The preliminary results showed that the sensitivity profile peak was 4 cps/kBq at the center of the detector, While the scatter fraction was estimated to be 39% using the single slice rebinning algorithm. Spatial resolution was estimated around 4.5 mm in the radial and tangential direction and 18 mm in the axial direction.
Normalization and scatter corrections for the J-PET scanner
A. Coussat, W. Krzemień, J. Baran, S. Parzych, L. Raczyński, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, J. Gajewski, B. Hiesmayr, K. Valsan Eliyan, A. Jędruszczak, K. Kacprzak, A. Gajos, T. Kaplanoglu, Ł. Kapłon, K. Klimaszewski, T. Kozik, G. Łapkiewicz, G. Korcyl, S. Moyo, D. Kumar, W. Mryka, S. Niedźwiecki, S. Sharma, E. Pérez Del Río, S. Shivani, R. Shopa, P. Tanty, M. Skurzok, K. Tayefi, F. Tayefi, E. Stępień, W. Wiślicki, P. Moskal
published in: 2023 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and International Symposium on Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detectors
The Jagiellonian PET scanner is a cost-effective large axial FOV Positron Emission Tomography technology that enables multi-photon imaging and is currently under development at the Jagiellonian University. The current 50 cm prototype, named Modular J-PET, is being investigated for various applications. It is well known that PET data can be affected by several effects during acquisition, such as scattered gamma photons or variations in detection efficiency. Consequently, achieving the reconstruction of images of satisfactory quality requires a set of corrections to be applied to each line-of-response. This summary discusses the implementation and performance of scatter and normalization corrections for the Modular J-PET, and their extension prior to the assembly of a total-body Jagiellonian PET scanner. Normalization correction is achieved using component-based normalization, a method particularly suitable for large scanners with a high number of lines-of-response. Scatter correction is achieved using an extension of the single scatter simulation technique that incorporates time-of-flight information. Reconstruction of reference phantoms based on Monte Carlo simulations highlight improvements in image quality. The application of normalization reduces the non-uniformity in the reconstructed image by a factor of 10 in the axial direction and 2 in the radial direction.
From tests of discrete symmetries to medical imaging with J-PET detector
P. Moskal, J. Baran, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, J. Gajewski, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, B.C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, H. Karimi, K. Klimaszewski, P. Konieczka, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, D. Kumar, S. Niedźwiecki, D. Panek, S. Parzych, E. Perez del Rio, L. Raczyński, J. Raj, A. Ruciński, S. Sharma, Shivani, R.Y. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, E.Ł. Stępień, M. Szczepanek, F. Tayefi, W. Wiślicki
published in: PoS PANIC2021 (2022) 033
We present results on CPT symmetry tests in decays of positronium performed with the precision at the level of 10?4, and positronium images determined with the prototype of the J-PET tomograph. The first full-scale prototype apparatus consists of 192 plastic scintillator strips readout from both ends with vacuum tube photomultipliers. Signals produced by photomultipliers are probed in the amplitude domain and are digitized by FPGA-based readout boards in triggerless mode. In this contribution we report on the first two- and three-photon positronium images and tests of CPT symmetry in positronium decays.
Study of Three-Nucleon Dynamics in the dp breakup collisions using the WASA detector
P. Adlarson, ..., E. Czerwiński, O. Khreptak, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, O. Rundel, I. Schätti-Ozerianska, M. Skurzok, M.J. Zieliński, et al.
published in: Springer Proc. Phys. 238 (2020) 455
Differential cross section for the 1H(d,pp)n breakup reaction at deuteron beam energy of 340 MeV has been measured with the use of WASA detector at COSY-Juelich. The set of proton-proton coincidences registered at Forward Detector has been analysed on dense grid of kinematic variables, giving in total around 5600 data points. The cross section data are compared to theoretical predictions based on the state-of-the-art nucleon-nucleon potentials, combined with three-nucleon force, Coulomb interaction or carried out in a relativistic regime.
Studies of discrete symmetries in decays of positronium atoms
E. Czerwiński, C. Curceanu, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, A. Heczko, B. C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, D. Kisielewska, G. Korcyl, B. Korzeniak, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, W. Migdał, M. Mohammed, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, J. Raj, Z. Rudy, S. Sharma, S. Shivani, R. Y. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński and P. Moskal
published in: EPJ Web Conf. 181 (2018) 01019
A positronium - a bound state of electron and positron - is an eigenstate of parity and charge conjugation operators which decays into photons. It is a unique laboratory to study discrete symmetries whose precision is limited, in principle, by the effects due to the weak interactions expected at the level of 10?14 and photon-photon interactions expected at the level of 10-9.
The Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) is a detector for medical imaging as well as for physics studies involving detection of electronpositron annihilation into photons. The physics case covers the areas of discrete symmetries studies and genuine multipartite entanglement. The J-PET detector has high angular and time resolution and allows for determination of spin of the positronium and the momenta and polarization vectors of annihilation quanta. In this article, we present the potential of the J-PET system for studies of discrete symmetries in decays of positronium atoms.
J-PET: A novel TOF-PET detector based on plastic scintillators
Paweł Moskal, Dominika Alfs, Tomasz Bednarski, Piotr Białas, Catalina Curceanu, Eryk Czerwiński, Kamil Dulski, Aleksander Gajos, Bartosz Głowacz, Marek Gorgol, Beatrix Hiesmayr, Bożena Jasińska, Daria Kamińska, Grzegorz Korcyl, Paweł Kowalski, Tomasz Kozik, Wojciech Krzemień, Ewelina Kubicz, Muhsin Mohammed, Monika Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, Szymon Niedźwiecki, Marek Pałka, Lech Raczyźski, Zbigniew Rudy, Oleksandr Rundel, Neha Gupta Sharma, Michał Silarski, Jerzy Smyrski, Adam Strzelecki, Anna Wieczorek, Wojciech Wiślicki, Bożena Zgardzińska, Marcin Zieliński
published in: IEEE Xplore: Nucl. Sci. Symp., Med. Imag. Conf. and Room-Temp. Semiconductor Detector Workshop, DOI:10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069617
Statistical Analysis of Time Resolution of the J-PET Scanner
L. Raczyński, W. Wiślicki, P. Kowalski, W. Krzemień, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, M. Gorgol, B. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, D. Kamińska, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, S. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, N. Gupta Sharma, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, B. Zgardzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
published in: IEEE Xplore: Nucl. Sci. Symp., Med. Imag. Conf. and Room-Temp. Semiconductor Detector Workshop, DOI:10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069407
Experimental results on multi-nucleonic K- absorptions in light nuclei
O. Vazques Doce, ..., E. Czerwinski, ..., W. Krzemien, ..., P. Moskal, ..., M. Silarski, et al. (AMADEUS Collaboration)
published in: EPJ Web Conf. 137 (2017) 09010
K- multi-nucleon absorption processes in hadronic interaction studies
R. Del Grande, ..., E. Czerwinski, ..., W. Krzemien, ..., P. Moskal, ..., M. Silarski, et al. (AMADEUS Collaboration)
published in: PoS BORMIO2016 (2016) 010
The AMADEUS collaboration aims to afford unprecedented informations on the K- low-energy
interactions with light nuclei, thanks to the unique monochromatic low-momentum kaons pro-
vided by the DAFNE collider and the excellent acceptance and resolution of the KLOE detector,
used as an active target. We will report on the measurement of the yield of the K ? two nucleon
absorption process, obtained by studying Sigma0 p pairs produced in the final state of the K-12C ab-
sorptions. Further, the possible contribution of a ppK- bound state was investigated. The best fit
corresponding to a gives space to a yield of ppK-/K- stop = (0.044 ? 0.009 stat +0.004 ?0.005 syst) ×10 binding energy and a width of 45 and 30 MeV/c 2 , respectively. A statistical analysis of this result shows although that its significance is only at the level of 1sigma.
Determination of the analysing power for the vec{p} p ->pp eta reaction using WASA-at-COSY detector system
P. Adlarson, ...,E. Czerwiński, O. Khreptak, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, O. Rundel, M. Skurzok, M. Zieliński et al. (WASA-at-COSY Collaboration)
published in: PoS BORMIO2016 (2016) 016
We report on the measurement of the analyzing power for the ~ pp -> pp eta reaction with beam
momenta of 2026 MeV/c and 2188 MeV/c performed with the WASA-at-COSY detector at the
Cooler Synchrotron COSY. The eta meson from the pp -> pp eta reaction was identified by the tech-
niques of missing mass and invariant mass. The angular distribution of the determined analyzing
power strongly disagrees with theoretical predictions. A comparison of the obtained A y angular
distribution with a series of associated Legendre polynomials revealed negligible contribution of
the Sd partial wave at Q = 15 MeV. However, at Q = 72 MeV, a significant interference of the Ps
and Pp partial waves was observed.
Studies of discrete symmetries in a purely leptonic system using the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph
P. Moskal, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, N. Gupta-Sharma, M. Gorgol, B. C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, D. Kamińska, O. Khreptak, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, W. Krzemień, N. Krawczyk, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, M. Silarski, J. Smyrski, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska, and M. Zieliński
published in: EPJ Web Conf. 130 (2016) 07015
Discrete symmetries such as parity (P), charge-conjugation (C) and time reversal (T) are of fundamental importance in physics and cosmology. Breaking of charge conjugation symmetry (C) and its combination with parity (CP) constitute necessary conditions for the existence of the asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the observed Universe. The presently known sources of discrete symmetries violations can account for only a tiny fraction of the excess of matter over antimatter. So far CP and T symmetries violations were observed only for systems involving quarks and they were never reported for the purely leptonic objects. In this article we describe briefly an experimental proposal for the test of discrete symmetries in the decays of positronium atom which is made exclusively of leptons. The experiments are conducted by means of the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) which is constructed from strips of plastic scintillators enabling registration of photons from the positronium annihilation. J-PET tomograph together with the positronium target system enable to measure expectation values for the discrete symmetries odd operators constructed from (i) spin vector of the ortho-positronium atom, (ii) momentum vectors of photons originating from the decay of positronium, and (iii) linear polarization direction of annihilation photons. Linearly polarized positronium will be produced in the highly porous aerogel or polymer targets, exploiting longitudinally polarized positrons emitted by the sodium 22Na isotope. Information about the polarization vector of orthopositronium will be available on the event by event basis and will be reconstructed from the known position of the positron source and the reconstructed position of the orthopositronium annihilation. In 2016 the first tests and calibration runs are planned, and the
data collection with high statistics will commence in the year 2017.
Searching for eta-mesic Helium with WASA-at-COSY facility
O. Rundel, O. Khreptak, M. Skurzok, W. Krzemien and P. Moskal
published in: EPJ Web Conf. 130 (2016) 02008
The search for the 4He-eta and 3He-eta bound states was performed with the WASA-at-COSY facility using a ramped beam technique in 2008, 2010 and 2014, respectively. The 2008 and 2010 data analyses has already been completed and resulted in the upper limits for the total cross sections for the eta-mesic 4He production in dd -> 3Henpi0 and dd -> 3Heppi- processes. No narrow structure which could be interpreted as a bound state was observed. The experiment carried out in 2014 collected the largest data sample for 3He-eta in the world. The data analysis is in progress. This article presents results of the 2010 data analysis and preliminary results of the 2014 data analysis.
Production and interaction of the eta meson with nucleons and nuclei
W. Krzemień, O. Khreptak, P. Moskal, I. Ozyrianska-Schaetti, O. Rundel, M. Skurzok and M. Zieliński
published in: EPJ Web Conf. 130 (2016) 03004
We report on the status of the search for eta-mesic nuclei and the studies of the interaction of the eta meson with nucleons. Recently we have completed the analysis of the new WASA-at-COSY data on the production of the eta meson with polarized proton beam. New results on the analyzing power for the p?p -> pp? reaction with more than an order of magnitude improved precision shed a new light on the production mechanism of the eta meson in nucleon-nucleon collisions. Also, the latest results of the search for eta-mesic nuclei are discussed.
A novel TOF-PET detector based on plastic scintillators
W. Krzemien, D. Alfs, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, B. Głowacz, M. Gorgol, ´ B. Jasińska, D. Kamińska, Ł. Kapłon, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, ´ Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, O. Rundel, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, K. Stola, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, W. Wiślicki, B. K. Zgradzińska, M. Zieliński, P. Moskal
published in: Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) (2015) IEEE
The Jagiellonian-PET (J-PET) collaboration is developing
a novel TOF-PET tomography scanner based mainly
on the timing of signals instead of their amplitudes for the
reconstruction of Lines-of-Response, therefore a very precise time
resolution is one of the main challenges of the project. The
novelty of the concept lies in employing long strips of plastic
scintillators instead of crystals as detectors of the annihilation
quanta. The diagnostic chamber consists of plastic scintillator
strips readout by pairs of photomultipliers arranged axially
around a cylindrical surface. To take advantage of the superior
timing properties of plastic scintillators, the signals are sampled
in the voltage domain with an accuracy of 20 ps by novel ultrafast
electronics, and the data are collected by the FPGA-based
trigger-less data acquisition system. The hit-position and hittime
are reconstructed by the dedicated reconstruction methods
based on the compressing sensing theory and a library of
synchronized model signals. The solutions are subject of sixteen
patent applications. So far, a time-of-flight resolution of 125 ps
(?) was achieved for a double-strip prototype with 30 cm fieldof-view
(FOV). It is by more than a factor of two better than the
TOF resolution achievable in current TOF-PET modalities and
at the same time, the FOV of 30 cm long prototype is significantly
larger with respect to typical commercial PET devices. The axial
geometry gives unique possibilities of combining J-PET with
Computed Tomography or with Magnetic Resonance Imaging,
allowing to perform the simultaneous scan of the patient with
both methods.
Status and Perspectives of the Search for Eta-Mesic Nuclei
P. Moskal, M. Skurzok, W. Krzemień
published in: AIP Conf. Proc. 1753 (2016) 030012
In this report the search for eta-mesic nuclei is reviewed. The brief description ofeta-nucleus bound states for light nuclei like 4He and 3He.
Search for the eta-mesic Helium bound state with the WASA-at-COSY facility
M. Skurzok, W. Krzemien, O. Rundel, P. Moskal
published in: EPJ Web Conf. 117 (2016) 02005
We performed a search for 4He-eta bound state with high statistics and high acceptance with the WASA-at-COSY facility using a ramped beam technique. The signature of eta-mesic nuclei is searched for in dd -> 3Henpi0 and dd -> 3Heppi- reactions by the measurement of the excitation functions in the vicinity of the {eta} production threshold. This paper presents the experimental method and the preliminary results of the data analysis for dd -> 3Henpi0 process.
Search for the 4He-eta bound state in dd->(4He-eta)_{bound}->3He n pi0 and dd->(4He-eta)_{bound}->3He p pi- reactions with the WASA-at-COSY facility
M. Skurzok , W. Krzemień, P. Moskal
published in: EPJ Web Conf. 81 (2014) 02020
In November 2010, the search for the 4He-{eta} bound state was per formed with high statistics and high acceptance with the WASA-at-COSY facility using a ramped beam technique. The signature of eta - mesic nuclei is searched for in the measured excitation functions for the two reaction channels: dd ->3He n pi0 and dd ->3He p pi- near the eta production threshold. This report includes the description of the experimental method and the status of the data analysis.
Search for the eta-mesic 4He with WASA-at-COSY
W. Krzemien, P. Moskal, J. Smyrski and M. Skurzok
published in: EPJ Web Conf. 66 (2014) 09009
We conduct a search for the He ? ? bound state with the WASA-at-COSY facility measuring the excitation functions for the reaction channels: dd ? 3Hep?? and dd ? 3Hen?0, where the outgoing N ? ? pairs originate from the conversion of the ? meson on a nucleon inside the He nucleus. Two dedicated experiments were performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Jülich with the WASA detector. The analysis of the 2008 data shows no signal of the 4He ? ? bound state. An upper limit for the cross-section for the bound state formation and decay in the process dd ? (4He ? ?)bound ? 3Hep??, was determined at the 90 % confidence level. In November 2010 a new data set was collected.
Search for the eta-mesic helium by means of WASA detector at COSY
P. Moskal, W. Krzemień, M. Skurzok
published in: PoS Hadron2013 (2014) 163
The eta-mesic nuclei in which the eta meson is bound with nucleus via strong interaction was postulated about 25 years ago, however till now no experiment confirmed empirically its existence. The discovery of this new kind of an exotic nuclear matter would be very important for better understanding of the eta meson structure and its interaction with nucleons. The search for eta-mesic helium is carried out with high statistic and high acceptance with the WASA-at-COSY detection setup and the Cooler Synchrotron COSY. The search is conducted via the measurement of the excitation function for the chosen decay channels of the 4He-eta system. Until now two reactions dd -> (4He-eta)bound ->3Heppi- and dd -> (4He-eta)bound ->3Henpi0 have been measured with the beam momentum varied continuously around the eta meson production threshold. This contribution includes description of recently published results of the WASA-at-COSY experiment as well as brief presentation of preliminary results from the analysis of new data sample with 20 times larger statistics.
System Response Kernel Calculation for List-mode Reconstruction in Strip PET Detector
P. Białas, J. Kowal, A. Strzelecki, T. Bednarski, E. Czerwiński, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, M. Molenda, P. Moskal, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik, L. Raczyński, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N. Gupta-Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński
published in: Acta Phys. Polon. B Suppl. 6 (2013) 1027-1036
Reconstruction of the image in Positron Emission Tomographs (PET) requires the knowledge of the system response kernel which describes the contribution of each pixel (voxel) to each tube of response (TOR). This is especially important in list-mode reconstruction systems, where an efficient analytical approximation of such function is required. In this contribution, we present a derivation of the system response kernel for a novel 2D strip PET.
Application of Compressive Sensing Theory for the Reconstruction of Signals in Plastic Scintillators
L. Raczyński, P. Kowalski, T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, M. Molenda, P. Moskal, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N.G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, W. Wiślicki, M. Zieliński
published in: Acta Phys. Polon. B Suppl. 6 (2013) 1121-1127
Compressive Sensing theory says that it is possible to reconstruct a measured signal if an enough sparse representation of this signal exists in comparison to the number of random measurements. This theory was applied to reconstruct signals from measurements of plastic scintillators. Sparse representation of obtained signals was found using SVD transform.
Search for eta-mesic helium via deuteron-deuteron reactions with the WASA-at-COSY facility
M. Skurzok, P. Moskal, W. Krzemień
published in: Acta Phys. Polon. B Suppl. 6 (2013) 1107-1110
The eta-mesic nuclei in which the eta meson is bound with nucleus via strong interaction was postulated already in 1986, however till now no experiment confirmed empirically its existence. The discovery of this new kind of an exotic nuclear matter would be very important for better understanding of the eta meson structure and its interaction with nucleons. The search for eta-mesic helium is carried out with high statistic and high acceptance with the WASA-at-COSY detection setup in the Forschungszentrum Julich. The search is conducted via the measurement of the excitation function for the chosen decay channels of the 4He-eta system. Untill now two reactions dd->(4He-eta)bs->3He p pi- and dd->(4He-eta)bs->3He n pi0 have been measured with the beam momentum ramped around the eta production threshold. This report includes the description of experimental method and status of the analysis.
Search for eta-mesic helium via the dd->(4He-eta)_bs -> 3He n pi 0 reaction with the WASA-at-COSY facility
M. Skurzok, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal
published in: MesonNet 2013 International Workshop - Mini-proceedings
The existence of eta-mesic nuclei in which the $eta$ meson is bound in a nucleus by means of the strong interaction was postulated already in 1986 but it has not been yet confirmed experimentally. The discovery of this new kind of an exotic nuclear matter would be very important as it might allow for a better understanding of the eta meson structure and its interaction with nucleons. The search for eta-mesic helium (4He-eta) is carried out with high statistics and high acceptance with the WASA detector, installed at the cooler synchrotron COSY of the Research Center Juelich. The search is conducted via the measurement of the excitation function for selected decay channels of the 4He-eta system. In the experiment, performed in November 2010, two reactions dd-->4He-eta-->3He p pi- and dd-->4He-eta-->3He n pi0 were measured with a beam momentum ramped from 2.127GeV/c to 2.422GeV/c. The proceedings will include description of the experimental method of the analysis.
Search for eta-mesic 4He with WASA-at-COSY detector.
W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, M. Skurzok, J. Smyrski
published in: PoS Bormio2013 (2013) 036
Search for 4He-eta bound states with the WASA-at-COSY facility
M. Skurzok, W. Krzemien, P. Moskal
published in: DAE Symp. Nucl. Phys. 57 (2012) 424
Search for eta-mesic Helium with the WASA-at-COSY detector.
W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, J. Smyrski, M. Skurzok
published in: EPJ Web Conf. 37 (2012) 02003
A search for the 4He-eta bound state via exclusive measurement of the excitation function for the dd->3Heppi- reaction, was performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Juelich with the WASA-at-COSY detection system. The data were taken during a slow acceleration of the beam from 2.185 GeV/c to 2.400 GeV/c crossing the kinematic threshold for the eta production in the dd -> 4He-eta reaction at 2.336 GeV/c. The corresponding excess energy in the 4He-eta system varied from -51.4 MeV to 22 MeV. The shape of the excitation function for the dd -> 3Heppi- was examined. No signal of the 4He-eta bound state was observed in the excitation function.
Search for the He-eta bound states with the WASA-at-COSY facility
M. Skurzok, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal
published in: EPJ Web Conf. 37 (2012) 09034
The existence of eta-mesic nuclei in which the $eta$ meson is bound in a nucleus by means of the strong interaction was postulated already in 1986 but it has not been yet confirmed experimentally. The discovery of this new kind of an exotic nuclear matter would be very important as it might allow for a better understanding of the eta meson structure and its interaction with nucleons. The search for eta-mesic helium (4He-eta) is carried out with high statistics and high acceptance with the WASA detector, installed at the cooler synchrotron COSY of the Research Center Juelich. The search is conducted via the measurement of the excitation function for selected decay channels of the 4He-eta system. In the experiment, performed in November 2010, two reactions dd-->4He-eta-->3He p pi- and dd-->4He-eta-->3He n pi0 were measured with a beam momentum ramped from 2.127GeV/c to 2.422GeV/c. The poster will include description of the experimental method and status of the analysis.
MATRIX-PET: A novel PET detector concept based on large blocks of organic scintillators
P. Moskal, T. Bednarski, A. Heczko, M. Kajetanowicz, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Konopka - Cupiał, G. Korcyl, W. Krzemień, K. Łojek, W. Migdał, M. Molenda, S. Niedzwiecki, P. Salabura. M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, Z. Rudy, J. Zdebik, M. Zieliński
published in: Nuclear Medicine Review 15 (2012) A47-A48
Matrix-PET is a novel detector solution for the Positron Emission Tomography. It is one of the
two methods which is developed at present at the Jagiellonian University.
STRIP-PET: Concept of TOF-PET scanner based on polymer scintillator strips
P. Moskal, T. Bednarski, A. Heczko, M. Kajetanowicz, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Konopka - Cupiał, G. Korcyl, W. Krzemień, K. Łojek, W. Migdał, M. Molenda, S. Niedźwiecki, P. Salabura. M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, Z. Rudy, J. Zdebik, M. Zieliński
published in: Nuclear Medicine Review 15 (2012) A61-A63
The aim of the poster is to present an idea of a new PET scanner based on strips of polymer scintillators
arranged in a large acceptance detector system which may allow a simultaneous diagnostic
of a large fraction of (or even the whole) human body.
Polymer Scintillator Detectors for TOF-PET with Large Longitudinal Field of View
P. Moskal, T. Bednarski, A. Heczko, M. Kajetanowicz, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Konopka - Cupiał, G. Korcyl, W. Krzemień, K. Łojek, W. Migdał, M. Molenda, S. Niedzwiecki, P. Salabura. M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, Z. Rudy, J. Zdebik, M. Zieliński
published in: Nuclear Medicine Review 15 (2012) A25-A26
In this contribution we present a concept of the large acceptance detector systems based on
the organic scintillators which in the future may allow for simultaneous diagnostic of large fraction
of the human body.
Search for eta-mesic 4He with WASA-at-COSY
W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, J. Smyrski for the WASA-at-COSY Collaboration
published in: Proceedings of the second International PrimeNet Workshop (2012) 140
These are the proceedings of the second PrimeNet Workshop, held in September 26-28, 2011, at the campus of Forschungszentrum J'{u}lich, Germany. This workshop is part of the activities in the project 'Study of Strongly Interacting Matter' (acronym HadronPhysics2), which is an integrating activity of the Seventh Framework Program of EU. This HP2 project contains several activities, one of them being the network PrimeNet having the focus on Meson Physics in Low-Energy QCD. This network is created to exchange information on experimental and theoretical ongoing activities on mainly eta and eta-prime physics at different European accelerator facilities and institutes.
Search for the 4He-eta bound state with WASA-at-COSY
W. Krzemień
published in: PoS STORI11 (2011) 04
We conduct a search for the 4He-eta bound state with WASA-at-COSY facility, via a measurement
of the excitation functions for the dd ->3Heppi- reaction, where the outgoing p pi- pairs
originate from the conversion of the h meson on a nucleon inside the He nucleus. In June, 2008
first measurements of the excitation functions for the dd->3Heppi- reaction were performed. In
the experiment we used a slowly ramped COSY deuteron beam, scanning the range of momenta
corresponding to the variation of the excess energy for the 4He-eta system from -51.4 MeV to
22 MeV.
Search for eta-mesic helium using the WASA-AT-COSY detector.
W. Krzemień, P. Moskal, J. Smyrski
published in: Acta Phys. Polon. Supp. 2 (2009) 141-148
We conduct a search for the 4He-eta bound state with the WASA-at-COSY facility via the measurement of the excitation function for the reaction dd->3Heppi-. In first experiment performed in June 2008, we used COSY deuteron beam with a slowly ramped beam momentum corresponding to a variation of the excess energy for the 4He-eta system from -51.4 MeV to 22 MeV. Here we report on the status of the measurement and the data evaluation.
Antimatter reveals cancer
T. Bednarski, P. Białas, E. Czerwiński, A. Gajos, T. Gruntowski, A. Gruntowski, T. Gucwa-Ryś, A. Heczko, M. Kajetanowicz, D. Kamińska, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Korcyl, J. Kowal, G. Konopka-Cupiał, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, W. Migdał, M. Molenda, I. Moskal, P. Moskal, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Niedźwiecka-Pawlik, O. Rundel, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, N. G. Sharma, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, A. Strzelecki, A. Wieczorek, M. Zieliński, N. Zoń
published in: Projektor Jagielloński 2
Feasibility study of positronium imaging with Biograph Vision Quadra and Modular J-PET
S. Parzych, J. Baran, E. Y. Beyene, M. Conti, A. Coussat, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, K. Valsan Eliyan, A. Gajos, B. Hiesmayr, A. Jedruszczak, K. Kacprzak, M. Kajetanowicz, T. Kaplanoglu, Ł. Kapłon, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, D. Kumar, G. Łapkiewicz, L. Mercolli, W. Migdał, S. Moyo, W. Mryka, S. Niedźwiecki, E. Perez del Rio, L. Raczyński, A. Rominger, H. Sari, S. Sharma, K. Shi, Shivani, R. Y. Shopa, M. Skurzok, W. M. Steinberger, E. Ł. Stępień, P. Tanty, F. Tayefi, K. Tayefi, W. Wiślicki, P. Moskal
2023 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference
Modular J-PET - a cost effective PET scanner prototype
Szymon Niedzwiecki, Grzegorz Korcyl, Krzysztof Kacprzak, Aleksander Gajos, Eryk Czerwinski, Jakub Baran, Wojciech Krzemien, Ewa Stepien, Pawel Moskal On behalf of the J-PET Collaboration
European Molecular Imaging Meeting 2023, Applications of radiation detection techniques in fundamental physics, food control, medicine and biology
Modelling and corrections of random & scatter coincidences in J-PET
S. Parzych, J. Baran, A. Coussat, W. Krzemień
Gate Scientific Meeting 2023, Kraków, Poland
Searching for eta-mesic 3He with WASA-at-COSY facility
O. Rundel, O. Khreptak, M. Skurzok, P. Moskal, W. Krzemień
14th International Workshop on Meson Production (MESON 2016), 2-7 June 2016, Kraków
Search for 4He-eta bound states in dd->3He p pi- and dd->3He n pi0 reactions with the WASA-at-COSY facility
Magdalena Skurzok, Wojciech Krzemien, Pawel Moskal
INPC 2013, Forence, Italy
Search for 4He-eta bound states in dd->3He p pi- and dd->3He n pi0 reactions with the WASA-at-COSY facility
M. Skurzok, W. Krzemien, P. Moskal
Search for He-eta bound states with the WASA-at-COSY facility
M. Skurzok, W. Krzemień, P. Moskal
MESON2012 - 12th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction
Matrix-PET: A novel PET detector concept based on large blocks of organic scintillators
P. Moskal, T. Bednarski, A. Heczko, M. Kajetanowicz, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Konopka-Cupiał, G. Korcyl, W. Krzemień, K. Łojek, W. Migdał, M. Molenda, S. Niedzwiecki, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, J. Zdebik, M. Zieliński
PETRAD, Conference on Positron Emission Tomography in Research and Diagnostics 2012
STRIP-PET: Concept of TOF-PET scanner based on polymer scintillator strips.
P. Moskal, T. Bednarski, A. Heczko, M. Kajetanowicz, Ł. Kapłon, A. Kochanowski, G. Konopka - Cupiał, G. Korcyl, W. Krzemień, K. Łojek, W. Migdał, M. Molenda, S. Niedzwiecki, P. Salabura. M. Silarski, A. Słomski, J. Smyrski, Z. Rudy, J. Zdebik, M. Zieliński
PETRAD, Conference on Positron Emission Tomography in Research and Diagnostics 2012
