Bragg peak position monitoring using silicon and titanium nanoparticles as prompt-gamma tracers
Bartosz Klębowski, Barbara Kołodziej, Barbara Beus, Magdalena Garbacz, Ronja Hetzel, Jonas Kasper, Aleksandra Kaszlikowska, Andrzej Magiera, Aleksandra Wrońska
abstract
Purpose
Spherical silicon and rods-like titanium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been analyzed for use in the proton range verification method in proton therapy (main goal), as well as radiosensitizers (second goal) in this therapy due to their physical and biological properties. The method involved the use of tracers emitting prompt-gamma radiation during irradiation with protons. The basic assumption of the method is to selectively deliver the tracer in form of NPs to the tumor. The cytotoxicity of the obtained nanomaterials was also checked against normal and cancer cells.
Methods and Materials
Correlation between the Bragg peak (BP) position in the PMMA phantom and the signal emitted by the analyzed tracers were determined on the basis of simulations carried out using the Geant4 toolkit. To determine the cytotoxicity of nanosilicone and nanotitanium, as well as their radiosensitizing properties a classic MTS test and a modified multiple MTS test were performed. The location of both types of NPs was determined using holotomographic microscopy.
Results
For silicon NPs, a signal was observed when the BP was located entirely in the structure imitating a tumor and decreased when the BP was entirely outside the structure. In the case of titanium NPs, the signal did not correlate with the position of the structure mimicking a tumor. Both types of NPs at low concentrations turned out to be non-toxic to both cell lines. It has been shown that both types of nanoparticles have promising radiosensitizing properties, in particular towards cancer cells.
Conclusions
When it comes to physical properties, silicon appears to be an optimal candidate for use in proton therapy monitoring. Moreover, the silica NPs turned out to be slightly more effective radiosensitizers than titanium NPs.
First experimental test of a coded-mask gamma camera for proton therapy monitoring
Magdalena Kołodziej, Stephan Brons, Mikołaj Dubiel, George N Farah, Alexander Fenger, Ronja Hetzel, Jonas Kasper, Monika Kercz, Barbara Kołodziej, Linn Mielke, Gabriel Ostrzołek, Magdalena Rafecas, Jorge Roser, Katarzyna Rusiecka, Achim Stahl, Vitalii Urbanevych, Ming-Liang Wong and Aleksandra Wrońska
abstract
Objective. The objective of the presented study was to evaluate the feasibility of a coded-mask (CM) gamma camera for real-time range verification in proton therapy, addressing the need for a precise and efficient method of treatment monitoring. Approach. A CM gamma camera prototype was tested in clinical conditions. The setup incorporated a scintillator-based detection system and a structured tungsten collimator. The experiment consisted of the irradiation of PMMA phantom with proton beams of energies ranging from 70.51 to 108.15 MeV. Experimental data were benchmarked against Monte Carlo simulations. The distal falloff position (DFP) was determined for both experimental data and simulations. Main results. The tested CM camera achieved a statistical precision of DFP determination of 1.7 mm for 108 protons, which is consistent with simulation predictions, despite hardware limitations such as non-functional detector pixels. Simulations indicated that a fully operational setup would further improve the performance of the detector. The system demonstrated rate capability sufficient for clinical proton beam intensities and maintained performance without significant dead time. Significance. This study validates the potential of the CM gamma camera for real-time proton therapy monitoring. The technology promises to enhance treatment accuracy and patient safety, offering a competitive alternative to existing approaches such as single-slit and multi-slit systems.
Genetic algorithm as a tool for detection setup optimisation for prompt-gamma imaging in proton therapy : SiFi Compton camera case study
Jonas Kasper, Awal Awal, Ronja Hetzel, Magdalena Kołodziej, Katarzyna Rusiecka, Achim Stahl, Ming-Liang Wong and Aleksandra Wrońska
abstract
Objective. Proton therapy is a precision-focused cancer treatment where accurate proton beam range monitoring is critical to ensure effective dose delivery. This can be achieved by prompt gamma (PG) detection with a Compton camera like the Silicon Photomultiplier and Scintillating Fiber based Compton Camera (SiFi-CC). This study aims to show the feasibility of optimising the geometry of SiFi-CC Compton camera for verification of dose distribution via PG detection a genetic algorithm (GA). Approach. The SiFi-CC key geometric parameters for optimisation with the GA are the source-to-scatterer and scatterer-to-absorber distances, and the module thicknesses. The optimisation process was conducted with a software framework based on the Geant4 toolkit, which included detailed and realistic modelling of gamma interactions, detector response, and further steps such as event selection and image reconstruction. The performance of each individual configuration was evaluated using a fitness function incorporating factors related to gamma detection efficiency and image resolution. Results. The GA-optimised SiFi-CC configuration demonstrated the capability to detect a 5?mm proton beam range shift with a 2?mm resolution using protons. The best-performing geometry, with 16 fibre layers in the scatterer, 36 layers in the absorber, source-to-scatterer distance 150?mm and scatterer-to-absorber distance 120?mm, has an imaging sensitivity of 5.58(1)?×?10?5. Significance. This study demonstrates that the SiFi-CC setup, optimised through a GA, can reliably detect clinically relevant proton beam range shifts, improving real-time range verification accuracy in proton therapy. The presented implementation of a GA is a systematic and feasible way of searching for a SiFi-CC geometry that shows the best performance.
Comparison of readout systems for high-rate silicon photomultiplier applications
M. L. Wong, M. Kołodziej, K. Briggl, R. Hetzel, G. Korcyl, R. Lalik, A. Malige, A. Magiera, G. Ostrzołek, K. Rusiecka, A. Stahl, V. Urbanevych, M. Wiebusch, A. Wrońska
abstract
Recent years have shown an increased use of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) in experimentsas they are of reasonable cost, have relatively low power consumption and are easily available in avariety of form factors allowing for a large number of readout channels. At the same time, experimentsare generating data at increasingly high rates requiring the use of more efficient readout systems. Inthis work, the dead time, efficiency, dynamic range, coincidence time resolution and energy resolutionof five different readout systems at various stages of maturity are evaluated to determine the bestsystem for acquiring data from a detector in a high rate experiment. Additional functionalities ofthe systems are also discussed.
Near-field coded-mask technique and its potential for proton therapy monitoring
R. Hetzel, V. Urbanevych, A. Bolke, J. Kasper, M. Kercz, M. Kołodziej, A. Magiera, F. Mueller, S. Müller, M. Rafecas, K. Rusiecka, D. Schug, V. Schulz, A. Stahl, B. Weissler, M.-L. Wong, A. Wrońska
abstract
Objective. Prompt-gamma imaging encompasses several approaches to the online monitoring of the beam range or deposited dose distribution in proton therapy. We test one of the imaging techniques - a coded mask approach - both experimentally and via simulations. Approach. Two imaging setups have been investigated experimentally. Each of them comprised a structured tungsten collimator in the form of a modified uniformly redundant array mask and a LYSO:Ce scintillation detector of fine granularity. The setups differed in detector dimensions and operation mode (1D or 2D imaging). A series of measurements with radioactive sources have been conducted, testing the performance of the setups for near-field gamma imaging. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulations of a larger setup of the same type were conducted, investigating its performance with a realistic gamma source distribution occurring during proton therapy. Main results. The images of point-like sources reconstructed from two small-scale prototypes' data using the maximum-likelihood expectation maximisation algorithm constitute the experimental proof of principle for the near-field coded-mask imaging modality, both in the 1D and the 2D mode. Their precision allowed us to calibrate out certain systematic offsets appearing due to the limited alignment accuracy of setup elements. The simulation of the full-scale setup yielded a mean distal falloff retrieval precision of 0.72 mm in the studies for beam energy range 89.5?107.9 MeV and with 1 × 108 protons (a typical number for distal spots). The implemented algorithm of image reconstruction is relatively fast?a typical procedure needs several seconds. Significance. Coded-mask imaging appears a valid option for proton therapy monitoring. The results of simulations let us conclude that the proposed full-scale setup is competitive with the knife-edge-shaped and the multi-parallel slit cameras investigated by other groups.
First search for axionlike particles in a storage ring using a polarized deuteron beam
S. Karanth, E.J. Stephenson, S.P. Chang, V. Hejny, S. Park, J. Pretz, Y.K. Semertzidis, A. Wirzba, A. Wrońska, F. Abusaif, A. Aggarwal, A. Aksentev, B. Alberdi, A. Andres, L. Barion, I. Bekman, M. Beyß, C. Böhme, B. Breitkreutz, C. von Byern, N. Canale, G. Ciullo, S. Dymov, N.-O. Fröhlich, R. Gebel, K. Grigoryev, D. Grzonka, J. Hetzel, O. Javakhishvili, H. Jeong, A. Kacharava, V. Kamerdzhiev, I. Keshelashvili, A. Kononov, K. Laihem, A. Lehrach, P. Lenisa, N. Lomidze, B. Lorentz, A. Magiera, D. Mchedlishvili, F. Müller, A. Nass, N.N. Nikolaev, A. Pesce, V. Poncza, D. Prasuhn, F. Rathmann, A. Saleev, D. Shergelashvili, V. Shmakova, N. Shurkhno, S. Siddique, J. Slim, H. Soltner, R. Stassen, H. Ströher, M. Tabidze, G. Tagliente, Y. Valdau, M. Vitz, T. Wagner, P. Wüstner
abstract
Based on the notion that the local dark-matter field of axions or axionlike particles (ALPs) in our Galaxy induces oscillating couplings to the spins of nucleons and nuclei (via the electric dipole moment of the latter and/or the paramagnetic axion-wind effect), we establish the feasibility of a new method to search for ALPs in storage rings. Based on previous work that allows us to maintain the in-plane polarization of a stored deuteron beam for a few hundred seconds, we perform a first proof-of-principle experiment at the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) to scan momenta near 970??MeV/c. This entails a scan of the spin-precession frequency. At resonance between the spin-precession frequency of deuterons and the ALP-induced electric dipole moment (EDM) oscillation frequency, there is an accumulation of the polarization component out of the ring plane. Since the axion frequency is unknown, the momentum of the beam and, consequently, the spin-precession frequency are ramped to search for a vertical polarization change that occurs when the resonance is crossed. At COSY, four beam bunches with different polarization directions are used to make sure that no resonance is missed because of the unknown relative phase between the polarization precession and the axion or ALP field. A frequency window of 1.5 kHz width around the spin-precession frequency of 121 kHz is scanned. We describe the experimental procedure and a test of the methodology with the help of a radio-frequency Wien filter located on the COSY ring. No ALP resonance is observed. As a consequence, an upper limit of the oscillating EDM component of the deuteron as well as its axion coupling constants are provided.
A systematic study of LYSO:Ce, LuAG:Ce and GAGG:Ce scintillating fibers properties
K. Rusiecka, R. Hetzel, J. Kasper, M. Kazemi Kozani, N. Kohlhase, M. Kołodziej R. Lalik, A. Magiera, W. Migdał, M. Rafecas, A. Stahl, V. Urbanevyvh, M. L. Wong, A. Wrońska
abstract
Study of 99Mo and long-lived impurities produced through (p, x) reactions in the natMo
Arshiya Anees Ahmed, Aleksandra Wrońska, Andrzej Magiera, Ryszard Misiak, Mirosław Bartyzel, Jerzy W. Mietelski, Bogdan Wa?s
abstract
Using the stack-foil activation technique, excitation functions were measured for (p, x) reactions on target. The target was irradiated with a proton beam of 17 MeV kinetic energy. Along with the medically important radioisotopes / we studied other long-lived radio-impurities produced in the target. Cross sections of all the produced radioisotopes from reactions are compared with the available literature data, which show good agreement.
Three-body breakup in deuteron-deuteron collisions at 160 MeV including quasifree scattering
I. Ciepal, G. Khatri, K. Bodek, A. Deltuva, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, S. Kistryn, B. Klos, A. Kozela, J. Kubos, P. Kulessa, A. Lobejko, A. Magiera, J. Messchendorp, I. Mazumdar, W. Parol, R. Ramazani-Sharifabadi, D. Rozpedzik, I. Skwira-Chalot, E. Stephan, A. Wilczek, B. Wloch, A. Wronska, J. Zejma
abstract
A set of differential cross section of the three-body H-2(d, dp)n breakup reaction at 160-MeV deuteron beam energy is presented for 147 configurations covering a wide kinematical region around quasifree scattering. The experiment was performed at KVI in Groningen, the Netherlands, using the BINA detector. The cross-section data have been normalized to the H-2(d, d)H-2 elastic-scattering cross section. The data are compared to the results of recent single-scattering approximation (SSA) calculations for three-cluster breakup in deuteron-deuteron collisions. This comparison shows that SSA provides the correct order of magnitude of the cross sections. The studied energy is probably too low to meet the SSA assumptions which prevents better accuracy of the description.
Studies of Deuteron Breakup Reactions in Deuteron-Deuteron Collisions at 160MeV with BINA
I. Ciepal, K. Bodek, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, G. Khatri, S. Kistryn, B. Klos, A. Kozela, J. Kubos, P. Kulessa, A. Lobejko, A. Magiera, I. Mazumdar, J. Messchendorp, W. Parol, D. Rozpedzik, I. Skwira-Chalot, E. Stephan, A. Wilczek, B. Wloch, A. Wronska, J. Zejma
abstract
A rich set of differential cross section of the three-body 2H(d,dp)n breakup reaction at 160MeV deuteron beam energy has been measured over a large range of the available phase space. The experiment was performed at KVI in Groningen, the Netherlands, using the BINA detector. The cross-section data for the breakup reaction have been normalized to the simultaneously measured 2H(d,d)2H elastic scattering cross section. The breakup cross sections obtained for 147 kinematically complete configurations near the quasi-free scattering kinematics are compared to the recent approximate calculations for the three-cluster breakup in deuteron-deuteron collisions. The cross sections for 294 kinematic configurations of the quasi-free scattering regime, for which no theoretical calculations exist, are also presented. Besides the three-body breakup, semi-inclusive energy distributions for the four-body 2H(d,pp)nn breakup are reported.
Investigation of the cross section for dd elastic scattering and dd -> n He-3 reactions at 160 MeV
I. Ciepal, J. Kubos, K. Bodek, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, G. Khatri, S. Kistryn, B. Klos, A. Kozela, P. Kulessa, A. Lobejko, A. Magiera, J. Messchendorp, I. Mazumdar, W. Parol, D. Rozpedzik, I. Skwira-Chalot, E. Stephan, A. Wilczek, B. Wloch, A. Wronska, J. Zejma
abstract
Differential cross sections of H-2(d, d)H-2 elastic scattering and proton transfer H-2(d,He-3)n reactions at 160 MeV beam energy have been obtained. They have been normalized relative to the existing cross-section data for the H-2(d, d)H-2 elastic scattering at 180 and 130 MeV, benefitting from the negligible energy dependence of this observable at certain range of the four-momentum transfer. The experiment was performed at KVI in Groningen, the Netherlands, using the BINA detector. The elastic scattering data are compared to theoretical predictions based on the lowest-order term in the Neumann series expansion for four-nucleon transition operators. The calculations underpredict the data. The data presented in this paper can be used to validate the future theoretical findings.
SHAPE OF THE SPECTRAL LINE AND GAMMA ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF THE C-12(p,p 'gamma(4.44))C-12 REACTION
K. Rusiecka, A. Wronska, A. Magiera, GGG. Obrzud, L. Kelleter, K. Laihem, J. Leidner, A. Stahl, A. Chrobak, A. Konefal
abstract
A model explaining the shape of the spectral line in the C-12(p,p'gamma(4.44))C-12 nuclear reaction has been applied to data collected during an experiment conducted at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center. Spectra were recorded for a graphite target setup, initial proton beam energies of 70.54 MeV and 88.97 MeV, which were later degraded before reaching the main target, and detection angles ranging from 90 degrees to 150 degrees. The model calculations reproduced experimental data and determined the angular distribution of the nuclear reaction. This article presents the details of the model along with a description of the subsequent analysis steps and results.
Pressure stabilized straw tube modules for the PANDA Forward Tracker
J. Smyrski, T. Fiutowski, P. Gianotti, A. Heczko, M. Idzik, M. Kajetanowicz, G. Korcyl, B. Korzeniak, R. Lalik, E. Lisowski, A. Malarz, W. Migdal, A. Misiak, W. Przygoda, J. Ritman, P. Salabura, M. Savrie, K. Swientek, P. Wintz, A. Wronska
abstract
The design of straw tube detector modules developed for the PANDA Forward Tracker is presented. One module consists of 32 straws with 10 mm diameter, arranged in two staggered layers, and has a very low material budget of only 8.8.10(-4 )X(0). The overpressure of the working gas mixture of 1 bar makes the module self-supporting and enables the use of lightweight and compact support frames. Detection planes in the Forward Tracker consist of modules mounted closely, without gaps, next to each other on a support frame. A module can be mounted and dismounted from the frame without the need to remove the neighboring modules, enabling fast repairs. Technical details of the detector design and the assembly procedure of the straw tubes and the straw modules as well as results of performed tests of the modules are given.
Phase measurement for driven spin oscillations in a storage ring
N. Hempelmann, V. Hejny, J. Pretz, H. Soltner, W. Augustyniak, Z. Bagdasarian, M. Bai, L. Barion, M. Berz, S. Chekmenev, G. Ciullo, S. Dymov, D. Eversmann, M. Gaisser, R. Gebel, K. Grigoryev, D. Grzonka, G. Guidoboni, D. Heberling, J. Hetzel, F. Hinder, A. Kacharava, V. Kamerdzhiev, I. Keshelashvili, I. Koop, A. Kulikov, A. Lehrach, P. Lenisa, N. Lomidze, B. Lorentz, P. Maanen, G. Macharashvili, A. Magiera, D. Mchedlishvili, S. Mey, F. Muller, A. Nass, NN. Nikolaev, M. Nioradze, A. Pesce, D. Prasuhn, F. Rathmann, M. Rosenthal, A. Saleev, V. Schmidt, Y. Semertzidis, Y. Senichev, V. Shmakova, A. Silenko, J. Slim, A. Stahl, R. Stassen, E. Stephenson, H. Stockhorst, H. Stroher, M. Tabidze, G. Tagliente, R. Talman, PT. Engblom, F. Trinkel, Y. Uzikov, Y. Valdau, E. Valetov, A. Vassiliev, C. Weidemann, A. Wronska, P. Wustner, et al.
abstract
This paper reports the first simultaneous measurement of the horizontal and vertical components of the polarization vector in a storage ring under the influence of a radio frequency (rf) solenoid. The experiments were performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY in Julich using a vector polarized, bunched 0.97 GeV/c deuteron beam. Using the new spin feedback system, we set the initial phase difference between the solenoid field and the precession of the polarization vector to a predefined value. The feedback system was then switched off, allowing the phase difference to change over time, and the solenoid was switched on to rotate the polarization vector. We observed an oscillation of the vertical polarization component and the phase difference. The oscillations can be described using an analytical model. The results of this experiment also apply to other rf devices with horizontal magnetic fields, such as Wien filters. The precise manipulation of particle spins in storage rings is a prerequisite for measuring the electric dipole moment (EDM) of charged particles.
Connection between zero chromaticity and long in-plane polarization lifetime in a magnetic storage ring
G. Guidoboni, EJ. Stephenson, A. Wronska, Z. Bagdasarian, J. Bsaisou, S. Chekmenev, G. Ciullo, S. Dymov, D. Eversmann, M. Gaisser, R. Gebel, V. Hejny, N. Hempelmann, F. Hinder, A. Kacharava, I. Keshelashvili, P. Kulessa, P. Lenisa, A. Lehrach, B. Lorentz, P. Maanen, R. Maier, D. Mchedlishvili, S. Mey, A. Nass, A. Pesce, Y. Orlov, J. Pretz, D. Prasuhn, F. Rathmann, M. Rosenthal, A. Saleev, YK. Semertzidis, Y. Senichev, V. Shmakova, H. Stockhorst, H. Stroher, R. Talman, PT. Engblom, F. Trinkel, Y. Valdau, C. Weidemann, P. Wustner, M. Zurek, D. Zyuzin
abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the connection between a magnetic storage ring with additional sextupole fields set so that the x and y chromaticities vanish and the maximizing of the lifetime of in-plane polarization (IPP) for a 0.97-GeV/c deuteron beam. The IPP magnitude was measured by continuously monitoring the down-up scattering asymmetry (sensitive to sideways polarization) in an in-beam, carbontarget polarimeter and unfolding the precession of the IPP due to the magnetic anomaly of the deuteron. The optimum operating conditions for a long IPP lifetime were made by scanning the field of the storage ring sextupole magnet families while observing the rate of IPP loss during storage of the beam. The beam was bunched and electron cooled. The IPP losses appear to arise from the change of the orbit circumference, and consequently the particle speed and spin tune, due to the transverse betatron oscillations of individual particles in the beam. The effects of these changes are canceled by an appropriate sextupole field setting.
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF KEY CROSS SECTIONS FOR PROMPT-GAMMA IMAGING IN PROTON THERAPY
A. Wronska, AA. Ahmed, A. Andres, P. Bednarczyk, J. Besuglow, G. Gazdowicz, K. Herweg, R. Hetzel, J. Kasper, L. Kelleter, A. Konefal, P. Kulessa, K. Laihem, J. Leidner, A. Magiera, K. Rusiecka, D. Stachura, A. Stahl, M. Zieblinski
abstract
We present experimental investigation of cross sections for processes crucial in view of prompt-gamma imaging. The prompt-gamma rays were produced from an interaction of a proton beam with different phantom materials composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. The used target setup allowed precise selection of the investigated depth in the phantom. We studied details of the dependence of prompt-gamma yields on beam energy, detection angle and elemental composition of irradiated phantom. The analysis was focused on the discrete transitions with the largest cross sections: 4.44 MeV in C-12 and 6.13 MeV in O-16. The results are presented in form of profiles of the prompt-gamma yield as a function of depth. They are compared to calculations including different cross-section models. Obtained results are in agreement with the model exploiting cross-section data collected from the literature, but the comparison with the TALYS model shows discrepancies. In the latest experiment, special attention was paid to the shape of the distal fall-off. The width of that fall-off is directly linked to the resolution of prompt-gamma based methods of range verification. Preliminary results on the beam-energy dependence of this quantity are presented.
Spin tune mapping as a novel tool to probe the spin dynamics in storage rings
A. Saleev, NN. Nikolaev, F. Rathmann, W. Augustyniak, Z. Bagdasarian, M. Bai, L. Barion, M. Berz, S. Chekmenev, G. Ciullo, S. Dymov, D. Eversmann, M. Gaisser, R. Gebel, K. Grigoryev, D. Grzonka, G. Guidoboni, D. Heberling, V. Hejny, N. Hempelmann, J. Hetzel, F. Hinder, A. Kacharava, V. Kamerdzhiev, I. Keshelashvili, I. Koop, A. Kulikov, A. Lehrach, P. Lenisa, N. Lomidze, B. Lorentz, P. Maanen, G. Macharashvili, A. Magiera, D. Mchedlishvili, S. Mey, F. Muller, A. Nass, A. Pesce, D. Prasuhn, J. Pretz, M. Rosenthal, V. Schmidt, Y. Semertzidis, Y. Senichev, V. Shmakova, A. Silenko, J. Slim, H. Soltner, A. Stahl, R. Stassen, E. Stephenson, H. Stockhorst, H. Stroher, M. Tabidze, G. Tagliente, R. Talman, PT. Engblom, F. Trinkel, Y. Uzikov, Y. Valdau, E. Valetov, A. Vassiliev, C. Weidemann, A. Wronska, P. Wustner, P. Zupranski, et al.
abstract
Precision experiments, such as the search for electric dipole moments of charged particles using storage rings, demand for an understanding of the spin dynamics with unprecedented accuracy. The ultimate aim is to measure the electric dipole moments with a sensitivity up to 15 orders in magnitude better than the magnetic dipole moment of the stored particles. This formidable task requires an understanding of the background to the signal of the electric dipole from rotations of the spins in the spurious magnetic fields of a storage ring. One of the observables, especially sensitive to the imperfection magnetic fields in the ring is the angular orientation of stable spin axis. Up to now, the stable spin axis has never been determined experimentally, and in addition, the JEDI collaboration for the first time succeeded to quantify the background signals that stem from false rotations of the magnetic dipole moments in the horizontal and longitudinal imperfection magnetic fields of the storage ring. To this end, we developed a new method based on the spin tune response of a machine to artificially applied longitudinal magnetic fields. This novel technique, called spin tune mapping, emerges as a very powerful tool to probe the spin dynamics in storage rings. The technique was experimentally tested in 2014 using polarized deuterons stored in the cooler synchrotron COSY, and for the first time, the angular orientation of the stable spin axis at two different locations in the ring has been determined to an unprecedented accuracy of better than 2.8 mu rad.
Phase Locking the Spin Precession in a Storage Ring
N. Hempelmann, V. Hejny, J. Pretz, E. Stephenson, W. Augustyniak, Z. Bagdasarian, M. Bai, L. Barion, M. Berz, S. Chekmenev, G. Ciullo, S. Dymov, FJ. Etzkorn, D. Eversmann, M. Gaisser, R. Gebel, K. Grigoryev, D. Grzonka, G. Guidoboni, T. Hanraths, D. Heberling, J. Hetzel, F. Hinder, A. Kacharava, V. Kamerdzhiev, I. Keshelashvili, I. Koop, A. Kulikov, A. Lehrach, P. Lenisa, N. Lomidze, B. Lorentz, P. Maanen, G. Macharashvili, A. Magiera, D. Mchedlishvili, S. Mey, F. Muller, A. Nass, NN. Nikolaev, A. Pesce, D. Prasuhn, F. Rathmann, M. Rosenthal, A. Saleev, V. Schmidt, Y. Semertzidis, V. Shmakova, A. Silenko, J. Slim, H. Soltner, A. Stahl, R. Stassen, H. Stockhorst, H. Stroher, M. Tabidze, G. Tagliente, R. Talman, PT. Engblom, F. Trinkel, Y. Uzikov, Y. Valdau, E. Valetov, A. Vassiliev, C. Weidemann, A. Wronska, P. Wustner, et al.
abstract
This Letter reports the successful use of feedback from a spin polarization measurement to the revolution frequency of a 0.97 GeV/c bunched and polarized deuteron beam in the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) storage ring in order to control both the precession rate (approximate to 121 kHz) and the phase of the horizontal polarization component. Real time synchronization with a radio frequency (rf) solenoid made possible the rotation of the polarization out of the horizontal plane, yielding a demonstration of the feedback method to manipulate the polarization. In particular, the rotation rate shows a sinusoidal function of the horizontal polarization phase (relative to the rf solenoid), which was controlled to within a 1 standard deviation range of sigma = 0.21 rad. The minimum possible adjustment was 3.7 mHz out of a revolution frequency of 753 kHz, which changes the precession rate by 26 mrad/s. Such a capability meets a requirement for the use of storage rings to look for an intrinsic electric dipole moment of charged particles.
Design of the forward straw tube tracker for the PANDA experiment
J. Smyrski, A. Apostolou, J. Biernat, W. Czyzycki, G. Filo, E. Fioravanti, T. Fiutowski, P. Gianotti, M. Idzik, G. Korcyl, K. Korcyl, E. Lisowski, F. Lisowski, J. Plazek, D. Przyborowski, W. Przygoda, J. Ritman, P. Salabura, M. Savrie, P. Strzempek, K. Swientek, P. Wintz, A. Wronska
abstract
The design of the Forward Tracker for the Forward Spectrometer of the PANDA experiment is described. The tracker consists of 6 tracking stations, each comprising 4 planar double layers of straw tube detectors, and has a total material budget of only 2% X-0. The straws are made self-supporting by a 1 bar over-pressure of the working gas mixture (Ar/CO2). This allows to use lightweight and compact rectangular support frames for the double layers and to split the frames into pairs of C-shaped half-frames for an easier installation on the beam line.
COMPARISON OF VARIOUS MODELS OF MONTE CARLO GEANT 4 CODE IN SIMULATIONS OF PROMPT GAMMA PRODUCTION
A. Chrobak, A. Konefal, A. Wronska, A. Magiera, K. Rusiecka, K. Laihem, D. Bockenhoff, S. Feyen
abstract
In this paper, results of simulations of the gamma-ray production in reactions with 70 MeV protons in a target of PMMA are presented. The data obtained by means of two versions of Geant 4 software, 9.3 and 10.01, have shown significant differences in the gamma-ray spectra. The comparison between the calculated spectra and the measured ones has been carried out. The tested versions do not give satisfactory agreement with the experimental result. The reason of the performed verification was the planned application of this simulation toolkit for the preparation of in vivo dosimetry based on the prompt gamma-ray measurements for the proton therapy.
Spectroscopic study of prompt-gamma emission for range verification in proton therapy
L. Kelleter, A. Wronska, J. Besuglow, A. Konefal, K. Laihem, J. Leidner, A. Magiera, K. Parodi, K. Rusiecka, A. Stahl, T. Tessonnier
abstract
We present the results of an investigation of the prompt-gamma emission from an interaction of a proton beam with phantom materials. Measurements were conducted with a novel setup allowing the precise selection of the investigated depth in the phantom, featuring three different materials composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. We studied two beam energies of 70.54 and 130.87 MeV and two detection angles: 90 degrees and 120 degrees. The results are presented in form of profiles of the prompt-gamma yield as a function of depth. In the analysis we focused on the transitions with the largest cross sections: C-12(4.44 -> g.s.) and O-16(6.13 -> g.s). We compare the profiles obtained under various irradiation conditions, with emphasis on the shape of the distal fall-off. The results are also compared to calculations including different cross-section models. They are in agreement with the model exploiting published cross-section data, but the comparison with the TALYS model shows discrepancies. (C) 2017 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Athlete number detection on the basis of their face images
A. Wronska, K. Sarnacki, K. Saeed
abstract
This paper describes a project concerning human recognition based on athlete numbers and their face detection. In daily life many people are training and participating in marathons, competitions or do sports like soccer. For that they wear t-shirts with a serial number that denotes their identity. For that detection of athlete numbers makes peoples life easier by collecting the data faster and automatically. But what would happen if two people would exchange their t-shirts and the operation of detection would be performed afterwards? This is where the face detection and recognition are applied to solve the problem. For that purpose, the following two algorithms are proposed for further development and for application.
Maintenance of normal blood pressure is dependent on IP3R1-mediated regulation of eNOS
Q. Yuan, JY. Yang, G. Santulli, SR. Reiken, A. Wronska, MM. Kim, BW. Osborne, A. Lacampagne, YX. Yin, AR. Marks
abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are critical mediators of blood pressure (BP) regulation, primarily via the generation and release of vasorelaxants, including nitric oxide (NO). NO is produced in ECs by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), which is activated by both calcium(Ca2+)-dependent and independent pathways. Here, we report that intracellular Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum(ER) via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is required for Ca2+-dependent eNOS activation. EC-specific type 1 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor knockout (IP3R1(-/-)) mice are hypertensive and display blunted vasodilation in response to acetylcholine (ACh). Moreover, eNOS activity is reduced in both isolated IP3R1-deficient murine ECs and human ECs following IP3R1 knockdown. IP3R1 is upstream of calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-activated serine/threonine protein phosphatase. We show here that the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway is less active and eNOS levels are decreased in IP3R1-deficient ECs. Furthermore, the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A, whose use has been associated with the development of hypertension, reduces eNOS activity and vasodilation following ACh stimulation. Our results demonstrate that IP3R1 plays a crucial role in the EC-mediated vasorelaxation and the maintenance of normal BP.
DEUTERON-DEUTERON COLLISION AT 160 MeV
G. Khatri, W. Parol, K. Bodek, I. Ciepal, B. Jamroz, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, S. Kistryn, B. Klos, A. Kozela, P. Kulessa, A. Magiera, I. Mazumdar, JG. Messchendorp, D. Rozpedzik, I. Skwira-Chalot, E. Stephan, A. Wilczek, B. Wloch, A. Wronska, J. Zejma
abstract
The experiment was carried out using BINA detector at KVI in Groningen. For the first time, an extensive analysis of the data collected in back part of the detector is presented, where a clusterization method is utilized for angular and energy information. We also present differential cross sections for the (dd -> dpn) breakup reaction within dp quasi-free scattering limit and their comparison with first calculations based on Single Scattering Approximation (SSA) approach.
Contribution of three nucleon force investigated in deuteron-proton breakup reaction
W. Parol, A. Kozela, I. Ciepal, K. Bodek, B. Jamroz, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, G. Khatri, S. Kistryn, B. Klos, J. Kubos, P. Kulessa, A. Magiera, I. Mazumdar, JG. Messchendorp, D. Rozpedzik, A. Rusnok, I. Skwira-Chalot, E. Stephan, A. Wilczek, B. Wloch, A. Wronska, J. Zejma
abstract
The elastic scattering and deuteron breakup data were collected in the experiment performed at KVI (Groningen) with use of unpolarized deuteron beam with energy of 80 MeV per nucleon, impinging on hydrogen target. The procedure applied to determine total integrated luminosity is presented. The result will be used for normalization of the differential cross section for the deuteron-proton breakup reaction.
Excess TGF-beta mediates muscle weakness associated with bone metastases in mice
DL. Waning, KS. Mohammad, S. Reiken, WJ. Xie, DC. Andersson, S. John, A. Chiechi, LE. Wright, A. Umanskaya, M. Niewolna, T. Trivedi, S. Charkhzarrin, P. Khatiwada, A. Wronska, A. Haynes, MS. Benassi, FA. Witzmannt, GH. Zhen, X. Wang, X. Cao, GD. Roodman, AR. Marks, TA. Guise
abstract
Cancer-associated muscle weakness is a poorly understood phenomenon, and there is no effective treatment. Here we find that seven different mouse models of human osteolytic bone metastases representing breast, lung and prostate cancers, as well as multiple myeloma exhibited impaired muscle function, implicating a role for the tumor-bone microenvironment in cancer-associated muscle weakness. We found that transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, released from the bone surface as a result of metastasis-induced bone destruction, upregulated NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), resulting in elevated oxidization of skeletal muscle proteins, including the ryanodine receptor and calcium (Ca2+) release channel (RyR1). The oxidized RyR1 channels leaked Ca2+, resulting in lower intracellular signaling, which is required for proper muscle contraction. We found that inhibiting RyR1 leakage, TGF-beta signaling, TGF-beta release from bone or Nox4 activity improved muscle function in mice with MDA-MB-231 bone metastases. Humans with breast- or lung cancer-associated bone metastases also had oxidized skeletal muscle RyR1 that is not seen in normal muscle. Similarly, skeletal muscle weakness, increased Nox4 binding to RyR1 and oxidation of RyR1 were present in a mouse model of Camurati-Engelmann disease, a nonmalignant metabolic bone disorder associated with increased TGF-beta activity. Thus, pathological TGF-beta release from bone contributes to muscle weakness by decreasing Ca2+-induced muscle force production.
Experimental Investigation of Few-Nucleon Dynamics at Medium Energies
G. Khatri, K. Bodek, I. Ciepal, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, S. Kistryn, B. Klos, A. Kozela, A. Magiera, I. Mazumdar, JG. Messchendorp, W. Parol, D. Rozpedzik, I. Skwira-Chalot, E. Stephan, A. Wronska, J. Zejma
abstract
An experiment, with unpolarized deuteron beam of 160 MeV impinging on liquid hydrogen and liquid deuterium targets, was carried out using BINA detector at KVI, in Groningen, the Netherlands. Data were collected for the purpose of obtaining high precision differential cross-section for the deuteron break-up reaction. The elastic scattering data were also collected alongside. We present here the methods applied in analysis of data collected in the backward part of the detector.
GAMMA EMISSION IN HADRON THERAPY - EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
A. Wronska, P. Bednarczyk, D. Bockenhoff, A. Bubak, S. Feyen, A. Konefal, K. Laihem, A. Magiera, A. Stahl, M. Zieblinski
abstract
Experiment Gamma-CCB at the Cyclotron Centre Bronowice focuses on investigation of gamma emission in experimental modelling of hadron therapy, searching for manifestation of the Bragg peak in gamma spectra. Experimental program comprises a series of measurements for different energies of the beam accelerated in the cyclotron Proteus C-235, as well as for several phantom materials. The paper reports on the results of the first measurements performed at 70 MeV proton beam energy and for two target materials: graphite and polymethyl methacrylate PMMA. Two different experimental techniques were tested, resulting in differential gamma spectra or spectra integrated over whole proton penetration path in a phantom. Strong correlation of the intensity of the carbon and oxygen excitation lines with the Bragg peak position has been observed in both types of measurements, confirming potential of the method in the future application in hadron therapy.
Gamma Emission in Hadron Therapy - Towards New Tools of Quality Assurance
A. Wronska, P. Bednarczyk, D. Bockenhoff, A. Bubak, S. Feyen, A. Konefal, L. Kelleter, K. Laihem, J. Leidner, A. Magiera, G. Obrzud, K. Rusiecka, A. Stahl, M. Zieblinski
abstract
The Gamma-CCB experiment is focused on investigation of gamma emission in experiments modeling the course of hadron therapy. The main goal is to search for manifestation of the Bragg peak in the prompt gamma spectra. Experimental program comprises a series of measurements at different proton beam energies and for various phantom materials. In the two beam times performed by the group so far in CCB Cracow and HIT Heidelberg, data were taken with proton beam energy of 70 and 130 MeV and with three phantom materials: graphite, poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA and polyoxymethylene POM, in order to study effects from different elements forming human tissue. Two different measurement modes were tested. In the first mode the gamma spectrum integrated over the whole beam penetration path in the phantom was registered, in the other mode only the gamma quanta originating in a phantom slice at a certain depth. In both measurement modes we observe strong correlation of the intensity of the carbon and oxygen excitation lines (4.44 and 6.13 MeV, respectively) with the Bragg peak position. Moreover, the correlation was found to be far more pronounced at backward angles than at the 90 degrees polar angle studied so far.
Experimental access to Transition Distribution Amplitudes with the PANDA experiment at FAIR
B.P. Singh,..., W. Krzemień, S. Jowzaee, B. Kamys, P. Moskal, A. Wrońska, P. Salabura, J. Smyrski, Z. Rudy,
abstract
We address the possibility of accessing nucleon-to-pion (?N) Transition Distribution Amplitudes (TDAs) from p?p?e+e??0 reaction with the future ={P}ANDA detector at the FAIR facility. At high center of mass energy and high invariant mass of the lepton pair q2, the amplitude of the signal channel p?p?e+e??0 admits a QCD factorized description in terms of ?N TDAs and nucleon Distribution Amplitudes (DAs) in the forward and backward kinematic regimes. Assuming the validity of this factorized description, we perform feasibility studies for measuring p?p?e+e??0 with the ={P}ANDA detector. Detailed simulations on signal reconstruction efficiency as well as on rejection of the most severe background channel, {it i.e.} p?p??+???0 were performed for the center of mass energy squared s=5 GeV2 and s=10 GeV2, in the kinematic regions 3.00.5 in the proton-antiproton center of mass frame. Results of the simulation show that the particle identification capabilities of the ={P}ANDA detector will allow to achieve a background rejection factor at the level of 108 (2?107) at low (high) q2 while keeping the signal reconstruction efficiency at around 40% and that a clean lepton signal can be reconstructed with the expected statistics corresponding to 2 fb?1 of integrated luminosity. The future measurement of the signal channel cross section with ={P}ANDA will provide a new test of perturbative QCD description of a novel class of hard exclusive reactions and will open the possibility of experimentally accessing ?N TDAs.
A selective microRNA-based strategy inhibits restenosis while preserving endothelial function
G. Santulli, A. Wronska, K. Uryu, TG. Diacovo, M. Gao, SO. Marx, J. Kitajewski, JM. Chilton, KM. Akat, T. Tuschl, AR. Marks, H. Totary-Jain
abstract
Drugs currently approved to coat stents used in percutaneous coronary interventions do not discriminate between proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). This lack of discrimination delays reendothelialization and vascular healing, increasing the risk of late thrombosis following angioplasty. We developed a microRNA-based (miRNA-based) approach to inhibit proliferative VSMCs, thus preventing restenosis, while selectively promoting reendothelialization and preserving EC function. We used an adenoviral (Ad) vector that encodes cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) (p27) with target sequences for EC-specific miR-126-3p at the 3' end (Ad-p27-126TS). Exogenous p27 overexpression was evaluated in vitro and in a rat arterial balloon injury model following transduction with Ad-p27-126T5, Ad-p27 (without miR-126 target sequences), or Ad-GFP (control). In vitro, Ad-p27-126TS protected the ability of ECs to proliferate, migrate, and form networks. At 2 and 4 weeks after injury, Ad-p27-126TS-treated animals exhibited reduced restenosis, complete reendothelialization, reduced hypercoagulability, and restoration of the vasodilatory response to acetylcholine to levels comparable to those in uninjured vessels. By incorporating miR-126-3p target sequences to leverage endogenous EC-specific miR-126, we overexpressed exogenous p27 in VSMCs, while selectively inhibiting p27 overexpression in ECs. Our proof-of-principle study demonstrates the potential of using a miRNA-based strategy as a therapeutic approach to specifically inhibit vascular restenosis while preserving EC function.
Few-Nucleon System Dynamics Studied via Deuteron-Deuteron Breakup Reactions at 160 MeV
G. Khatri, I. Ciepal, K. Bodek, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, S. Kistryn, B. Klos, A. Kozela, A. Magiera, I. Mazumdar, J. Messchendorp, W. Parol, I. Skwira-Chalot, E. Stephan, D. Rozpedzik, A. Wronska, J. Zejma
abstract
An experiment, with the deuteron beams at energy of 160 MeV impinging on the liquid deuterium target, was carried out using the BINA detector at KVI, in Groningen, the Netherlands. Data were collected for the purpose of obtaining high precision differential cross-sections for the deuteron break-up reaction. The elastic scattering channel was also measured alongside for the purpose of cross-section normalization.
Investigation of three nucleon force effects in deuteron-proton breakup reaction
W. Parol, I. Ciepal, K. Bodek, S. Kistryn, G. Khatri, A. Magiera, D. Rozpedzik, A. Wronska, J. Zejma, B. Klos, E. Stephan, A. Kozela, P. Kulessa, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, J. Messchendorp, I. Mazumdar, I. Skwira-Chalot
abstract
Experiments devoted to study subtle ingredients of nuclear dynamics were carried out at KVI in Groningen with the use of the H-1(d,pp)n breakup reaction at the deuteron beam energy of 80 MeV/nucleon. The aim of the work is to determine the breakup cross sections and confront them with the set of modern calculations which model forces acting between nucleons. Elastic scattering process was also measured for the purpose of the cross section normalization. This paper presents preliminary results of the data analysis including geometry cross check, energy calibration, particles identification and sample distributions of the unnormalized breakup cross sections.
Investigation of three nucleon force effects in deuteron-proton breakup reaction India
W. Parol, A. Kozela, I. Ciepal, B. Klos, K. Bodek, J. Golak, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, G. Khatri, S. Kistryn, P. Kulessa, A. Magiera, I. Mazumdar, J. Messchendorp, D. Rozpedzik, R. Skibiński, I. Skwira-Chalot, E. Stephan, H. Witała, A. Wronska, J. Zejma
abstract
Experimental study of the deuteron-proton breakup process was perfomed in KVI Groningen. In this paper current status of the collected data analysis is presented, including preliminary results of the cross section for the sample kinematical configuration.
Experimental Investigation of the Few-Nucleon Dynamics in Deuteron-Deuteron Collision at 160 MeV
G. Khatri, K. Bodek, I. Ciepal, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, S. Kistryn, B. Klos, A. Kozela, A. Magiera, I. Mazumdar, J. Messchendorp, W. Parol, D. Rozpedzik, I. Skwira-Chalot, E. Stephan, A. Wronska, J. Zejma
abstract
An experiment, with unpolarized deuteron beam of 160 MeV impinging on liquid deuterium target, was carried out using BINA detector at KVI, in Groningen, the Netherlands. Data were collected for the purpose of obtaining high precision differential cross-section for the deuteron break-up reaction. The elastic scattering data were also collected alongside for the purpose of cross-section normalization. We present here a sample of the un-normalised cross-section for the three-body final state (dd -> dpn) reaction.
Investigation of three nucleon force effects in deuteron-proton breakup reaction India
W. Parol, A. Kozela, I. Ciepal, B. Klos, K. Bodek, J. Golak, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, G. Khatri, S. Kistryn, P. Kulessa, A. Magiera, I. Mazumdar, J. Messchendorp, D. Rozpedzik, R. Skibinski, I. Skwira-Chalot, E. Stephan, H. Witala, A. Wronska, J. Zejma
abstract
Experimental study of the deuteron-proton breakup process was perfomed in KVI Groningen. In this paper current status of the collected data analysis is presented, including preliminary results of the cross section for the sample kinematical configuration.
Investigations of Few-Nucleon System Dynamics in Medium Energy Domain
I. Ciepal, B. Klos, S. Kistryn, E. Stephan, A. Biegun, K. Bodek, A. Deltuva, E. Epelbaum, M. Eslami-Kalantari, AC. Fonseca, J. Golak, V. Jha, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, H. Kamada, G. Khatri, D. Kirillov, D. Kirillov, S. Kliczewski, A. Kozela, M. Kravcikova, H. Machner, A. Magiera, G. Martinska, J. Messchendorp, A. Nogga, W. Parol, A. Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani, BJ. Roy, H. Sakai, K. Sekiguchi, I. Sitnik, R. Siudak, R. Skibiński, R. Sworst, J. Urban, H. Witała, A. Wronska, J. Zejma
abstract
Precise and large set of cross sections, vector A (x) , A (y) and tensor A (xx) , A (xy) , A (yy) analyzing powers for the (1) H(d, pp)n breakup reactions were measured at 100 and 130 MeV deuteron beam energies with the use of the SALAD and BINA detectors at KVI and Germanium Wall setup at FZ-Julich. Results are compared with various theoretical approaches which model the three-nucleon (3N) system dynamics. The calculations are based on different two-nucleon (2N) potentials which can be combined with models of the three-nucleon force (3NF) and other pieces of the dynamics can also be included like the Coulomb interaction and relativistic effects. The cross sections data reveal seizable 3NF and Coulomb force influence. In case of analyzing powers very low sensitivity to the effects was found and the data are well describe by 2N models only. At 130 MeV for A (xy) serious disagreements appear when 3NF models are included into calculations.
SYSTEMATIC STUDIES OF THE THREE-NUCLEON SYSTEM DYNAMICS IN THE DEUTRON-PROTON BREAKUP REACTION
B. Klos, I. Ciepal, S. Kistryn, E. Stephan, A. Biegun, K. Bodek, A. Deltuva, E. Epelbaum, M. Eslami-Kalantari, AC. Fonseca, J. Golak, B. Jamroz, V. Jha, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, H. Kamada, G. Khatri, D. Kirillov, D. Kirillov, S. Kliczewski, A. Kozela, M. Kravcikova, H. Machner, A. Magiera, G. Martinska, J. Messchendorp, A. Nogga, W. Parol, A. Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani, BJ. Roy, H. Sakai, K. Sekiguchi, I. Sitnik, R. Siudak, R. Skibinski, R. Sworst, J. Urban, H. Witala, A. Wronska, J. Zejma
abstract
Precise and large sets of data for cross section, vector and tensor analyzing powers for the H-1((d) over right arrow ,pp)n breakup reaction were obtained in experiments carried out at KVI Groningen and FZ-Julich at deuteron beam energies of 100 MeV, 13 MeV and 160 MeV (cross sections only). These precise experimental data obtained in a wide phase-space region allowed to establish evidences for three-nucleon force contributions and to confirm predictions of sizable effect of the Coulomb force. The vector analyzing powers data are generally quite well described by theoretical predictions even with pure nucleon nucleon interactions. Tensor analyzing powers can be also very well reproduced by calculations in most of the studied region but in some regions locally discrepancies are observed at energy of 130 MeV. DOI:10.5506/APhysPolB.44.345
SYSTEMATIC STUDIES OF THE THREE-NUCLEON SYSTEM DYNAMICS IN THE DEUTRON-PROTON BREAKUP REACTION
B. Klos, I. Ciepal, S. Kistryn, E. Stephan, A. Biegun, K. Bodek, A. Deltuva, E. Epelbaum, M. Eslami-Kalantari, AC. Fonseca, J. Golak, B. Jamroz, V. Jha, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, H. Kamada, G. Khatri, D. Kirillov, D. Kirillov, S. Kliczewski, A. Kozela, M. Kravcikova, H. Machner, A. Magiera, G. Martinska, J. Messchendorp, A. Nogga, W. Parol, A. Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani, BJ. Roy, H. Sakai, K. Sekiguchi, I. Sitnik, R. Siudak, R. Skibiński, R. Sworst, J. Urban, H. Witała, A. Wronska, J. Zejma
abstract
Precise and large sets of data for cross section, vector and tensor analyzing powers for the H-1((d) over right arrow ,pp)n breakup reaction were obtained in experiments carried out at KVI Groningen and FZ-Julich at deuteron beam energies of 100 MeV, 13 MeV and 160 MeV (cross sections only). These precise experimental data obtained in a wide phase-space region allowed to establish evidences for three-nucleon force contributions and to confirm predictions of sizable effect of the Coulomb force. The vector analyzing powers data are generally quite well described by theoretical predictions even with pure nucleon nucleon interactions. Tensor analyzing powers can be also very well reproduced by calculations in most of the studied region but in some regions locally discrepancies are observed at energy of 130 MeV. DOI:10.5506/APhysPolB.44.345
Technical Design Report for the PANDA (AntiProton Annihilations at Darmstadt) Straw Tube Tracker
W. Erni, ..., S. Jowzaee, M. Kajetanowicz, B. Kamys, S. Kistryn, G. Korcyl, K. Korcyl, W. Krzemień, A. Magiera, P. Moskal, M. Palka, Z. Rudy, P. Salabura, J. Smyrski, A. Wrońska et al.
abstract
This document describes the technical layout and the expected performance of the Straw Tube Tracker (STT), the main tracking detector of the PANDA target spectrometer. The STT encloses a Micro-Vertex-Detector (MVD) for the inner tracking and is followed in beam direction by a set of GEM-stations. The tasks of the STT are the measurement of the particle momentum from the reconstructed trajectory and the measurement of the specific energy-loss for a particle identification. Dedicated simulations with full analysis studies of certain proton-antiproton reactions, identified as being benchmark tests for the whole Panda scientific program, have been performed to test the STT layout and performance. The results are presented, and the time lines to construct the STT are described.
Studies of the Three-Nucleon System Dynamics in the Deuteron-Proton Breakup Reaction
I. Ciepal, B. Klos, S. Kistryn, E. Stephan, A. Biegun, K. Bodek, A. Deltuva, E. Epelbaum, M. Eslami-Kalantari, AC. Fonseca, J. Golak, V. Jha, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, H. Kamada, G. Khatri, D. Kirillov, D. Kirillov, S. Kliczewski, A. Kozela, M. Kravcikova, H. Machner, A. Magiera, G. Martinska, J. Messchendorp, A. Nogga, W. Parol, A. Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani, BJ. Roy, H. Sakai, K. Sekiguchi, I. Sitnik, R. Siudak, R. Skibinski, R. Sworst, J. Urban, H. Witala, A. Wronska, J. Zejma
abstract
Precise and large sets of cross sections for the H-1(d,pp)n and H-2(p,pp)n breakup reactions were measured at 130 deuteron and 190 MeV proton beam energies with the use of detectors which covered almost the full phase space. The results are compared with various theoretical approaches which model the 3N system dynamics. The calculations are based on different 2N potentials which can be combined with models of the three-nucleon force (3NF). The differential cross sections appear to be a very sensitive tool for testing the interaction models and allow to search for various ingredients of the dynamics, not only the 3NF but also the Coulomb interaction and relativistic effects which are relatively new achievements of the theory.
Investigation of the Charge Symmetry conserving reaction dd -> (3)Hen pi(0) with WASA-at-COSY
P. Podkopal, V. Hejny, A. Magiera, A. Wronska
abstract
The reaction dd -> (3)Hen pi(0) has been measured at a beam momentum of p(d) = 1.2 GeV/c using the WASA-at-COSY facility. For the first time data on the total cross section as well as differential distributions were obtained. The data are described with a phenomenological approach based on the combination of a quasi-free model and a partial wave expansion model for the three-body reaction.
Studies of the Three-Nucleon System Dynamics in the Deuteron-Proton Breakup Reaction
I. Ciepal, B. Klos, S. Kistryn, E. Stephan, A. Biegun, K. Bodek, A. Deltuva, E. Epelbaum, M. Eslami-Kalantari, AC. Fonseca, J. Golak, V. Jha, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, H. Kamada, G. Khatri, D. Kirillov, D. Kirillov, S. Kliczewski, A. Kozela, M. Kravcikova, H. Machner, A. Magiera, G. Martinska, J. Messchendorp, A. Nogga, W. Parol, A. Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani, BJ. Roy, H. Sakai, K. Sekiguchi, I. Sitnik, R. Siudak, R. Skibiński, R. Sworst, J. Urban, H. Witała, A. Wronska, J. Zejma
abstract
Precise and large sets of cross sections for the H-1(d,pp)n and H-2(p,pp)n breakup reactions were measured at 130 deuteron and 190 MeV proton beam energies with the use of detectors which covered almost the full phase space. The results are compared with various theoretical approaches which model the 3N system dynamics. The calculations are based on different 2N potentials which can be combined with models of the three-nucleon force (3NF). The differential cross sections appear to be a very sensitive tool for testing the interaction models and allow to search for various ingredients of the dynamics, not only the 3NF but also the Coulomb interaction and relativistic effects which are relatively new achievements of the theory.
Study of charge symmetry breaking in dd collisions with WASA-at-COSY
A. Wronska
abstract
Charge symmetry is an approximate symmetry of the strong interaction. Studies of its breaking can yield information on the u and d quark mass difference. A theoretical collaboration is currently working on the description of charge symmetry breaking mechanisms for dd ->alpha pi(0) and n p -> d pi(0) within Chiral Perturbation Theory, using the data from TRI-UMF and IUCF. One of the items in the program of the WASA-at-COSY collaboration is to extend the data base for the dd -> alpha pi(0) reaction to higher energies, which would allow the extraction of the information on the p-wave. Status of the analysis of experimental data along with the preliminary results from the pilot run will be presented here.
Role of chronic ryanodine receptor phosphorylation in heart failure and beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in mice
J. Shan, MJ. Betzenhauser, A. Kushnir, S. Reiken, AC. Meli, A. Wronska, M. Dura, BX. Chen, AR. Marks
abstract
Increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak via the cardiac ryanodine receptor/calcium release channel (RyR2) is thought to play a role in heart failure (HF) progression. Inhibition of this leak is an emerging therapeutic strategy. To explore the role of chronic PKA phosphorylation of RyR2 in HF pathogenesis and treatment, we generated a knockin mouse with aspartic acid replacing serine 2808 (mice are referred to herein as RyR2-S2808D(+/+) mice). This mutation mimics constitutive PKA hyperphosphorylation of RyR2, which causes depletion of the stabilizing subunit FKBP12.6 (also known as calstabin2), resulting in leaky RyR2. RyR2-S2808D(+/+) mice developed age-dependent cardiomyopathy, elevated RyR2 oxidation and nitrosylation, reduced SR Ca2+ store content, and increased diastolic SR Ca2+ leak. After myocardial infarction, RyR2-S2808D(+/+) mice exhibited increased mortality compared with WT littermates. Treatment with S107, a 1,4-benzothiazepine derivative that stabilizes RyR2-calstabin2 interactions, inhibited the RyR2-mediated diastolic SR Ca2+ leak and reduced HF progression in WT and RyR2-S2808D(+/+) mice. In contrast, beta-adrenergic receptor blockers improved cardiac function in WT but not in RyR2-S2808D(+/+) mice. Thus, chronic PKA hyperphosphorylation of RyR2 results in a diastolic leak that causes cardiac dysfunction. Reversing PKA hyperphosphorylation of RyR2 is an important mechanism underlying the therapeutic action of beta-blocker therapy in HF.
Vector and tensor analyzing powers in deuteron-proton breakup at 130 MeV
E. Stephan, S. Kistryn, R. Sworst, A. Biegun, K. Bodek, I. Ciepal, A. Deltuva, E. Epelbaum, AC. Fonseca, J. Golak, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, H. Kamada, M. Kis, B. Klos, A. Kozela, M. Mahjour-Shafiei, A. Micherdzinska, A. Nogga, R. Skibiński, H. Witała, A. Wronska, J. Zejma, W. Zipper
abstract
High-precision data for vector and tensor analyzing powers for the H-1((d) over right arrow, pp)n reaction at a 130-MeV deuteron beam energy have been measured over a large part of the phase space. Theoretical predictions based on various approaches to describe the three nucleon (3N) system reproduce very well the vector analyzing power data and no three-nucleon force effect is observed for these observables. Tensor analyzing powers are also very well reproduced by calculations in almost the whole studied region, but locally certain discrepancies are observed. For A(xy) such discrepancies usually appear, or are enhanced, when model 3N forces, TM99 or Urbana, are included. Problems of all theoretical approaches with describing A(xx) and A(yy) are limited to very small kinematical regions, usually characterized by the lowest energy of the relative motion of the two protons.
Vector and tensor analyzing powers in deuteron-proton breakup at 130 MeV
E. Stephan, S. Kistryn, R. Sworst, A. Biegun, K. Bodek, I. Ciepal, A. Deltuva, E. Epelbaum, AC. Fonseca, J. Golak, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, H. Kamada, M. Kis, B. Klos, A. Kozela, M. Mahjour-Shafiei, A. Micherdzinska, A. Nogga, R. Skibinski, H. Witala, A. Wronska, J. Zejma, W. Zipper
abstract
High-precision data for vector and tensor analyzing powers for the H-1((d) over right arrow, pp)n reaction at a 130-MeV deuteron beam energy have been measured over a large part of the phase space. Theoretical predictions based on various approaches to describe the three nucleon (3N) system reproduce very well the vector analyzing power data and no three-nucleon force effect is observed for these observables. Tensor analyzing powers are also very well reproduced by calculations in almost the whole studied region, but locally certain discrepancies are observed. For A(xy) such discrepancies usually appear, or are enhanced, when model 3N forces, TM99 or Urbana, are included. Problems of all theoretical approaches with describing A(xx) and A(yy) are limited to very small kinematical regions, usually characterized by the lowest energy of the relative motion of the two protons.
FORWARD SPECTROMETER OF (P)over-barANDA REQUIREMENTS AND SOLUTIONS
A. Wronska
abstract
PANDA is a future antiproton experiment designed to study fundamental questions of hadron and nuclear physics. It will work as a fixed-target facility, hence - due to the Lorentz boost - the distribution of reaction products will be strongly forward-peaked, in particular for the near-threshold measurements. Thus, the Forward Spectrometer, covering the most forward angles (theta(lab) < 10 degrees) is one of the key components of <(P)over bar>ANDA. In this contribution, current design of the Forward Spectrometer is presented. Spectrometer components, including dipole magnet, tracking detectors, electromagnetic and hadron calorimeter, muon counters, RICH detector and TOF system are discussed. Results of simulations are shown along with tests of the prototype detectors performed in a high-rate environment.
Digital navigation system for miniature quadrocopter UAV
W. Komorniczak, T. Gorski, M. Maciejewski, A. Wronska, C. Zych
abstract
The paper presents the idea of digital navigation system for miniature quadrocopter unmmanded aerial vehilce (UAV). The navigation system is composed of two subsystems: the attitude and heading stabilization and high-level satelite navigation subsystem. Overall quadrocopter concept is presented as well as the solutions used for both navigation subsystems.
Leaky Ca2+ release channel/ryanodine receptor 2 causes seizures and sudden cardiac death in mice
SE. Lehnart, M. Mongillo, A. Bellinger, N. Lindegger, BX. Chen, W. Hsueh, S. Reiken, A. Wronska, LJ. Drew, CW. Ward, WJ. Lederer, RS. Kass, G. Morley, AR. Marks
abstract
The Ca2+ release channel ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) is required for excitation-contraction coupling in the heart and is also present in the brain. Mutations in RyR2 have been linked to exercise-induced sudden cardiac death (catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia [CPVT]). CPVT-associated RyR2 mutations result in "leaky" RyR2 channels due to the decreased binding of the calstabin2 (FKBP12.6) subunit, which stabilizes the closed state of the channel. We found that mice heterozygous for the R2474S mutation in Ryr2 (Ryr2-R2474S mice) exhibited spontaneous generalized tonic-clonic seizures (which occurred in the absence of cardiac arrhythmias), exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Treatment with a novel RyR2-specific compound (S107) that enhances the binding of calstabin2 to the mutant Ryr2-R2474S channel inhibited the channel leak and prevented cardiac arrhythmias and raised the seizure threshold. Thus, CPVT-associated mutant leaky Ryr2-R2474S channels in the brain can cause seizures in mice, independent of cardiac arrhythmias. Based on these data, we propose that CPVT is a combined neurocardiac disorder in which leaky RyR2 channels in the brain cause epilepsy, and the same leaky channels in the heart cause exercise-induced sudden cardiac death.
PROTOTYPE DRIFT CHAMBER FOR TRACKING AT SMALL ANGLES IN THE PANDA EXPERIMENT
J. Smyrski, P. Hawranek, W. Krzemien, P. Salabura, A. Wronska
abstract
A prototype drift chamber for tracking at small angles in the high rate environment of the PANDA experiment has been built. The chamber contains 1 cm x 1 cm drift cells arranged in two double layers. The most central wires are mounted on insulating rings surrounding the beam pipe. Results of the chamber tests with a beam of up to 5.10(6) protons per second indicate a drop of detection efficiency by about 5% at the highest measured flux of 0.2 MHz/cm(2).
Is there an eta(3) He quasi-bound state?
C. Wilkin, M. Buscher, D. Chiladze, S. Dymov, C. Hanhart, M. Hartmann, V. Hejny, A. Kacharava, I. Keshelashvili, A. Khoukaz, Y. Maeda, T. Mersmann, M. Mielke, S. Mikirtychiants, M. Papenbrock, F. Rathmann, T. Rausmann, R. Schleichert, H. Stroher, A. Taschner, Y. Valdau, A. Wronska
abstract
The observed variation of the total cross section for the dp -> He-3 eta reaction near threshold means that the magnitude of the s-wave amplitude falls very rapidly with the eta centre-of-mass momentum. It is shown here that recent measurements of the momentum dependence of the angular distribution imply a strong variation also in the phase of this amplitude. Such a behaviour is that expected from a quasi-bound or virtual eta He-3 state. The interpretation can be investigated further through measurements of the deuteron or proton analysing powers and/or spin-correlations. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Precision study of the eta He-3 system using the dp -> He-3 eta reaction
T. Mersmann, A. Khoukaz, M. Buscher, D. Chiladze, S. Dymov, M. Hartmann, V. Hejny, A. Kacharava, I. Keshelashvili, P. Kulessa, Y. Maeda, M. Mielke, S. Mikirtychiants, H. Ohm, M. Papenbrock, D. Prasuhn, F. Rathmann, T. Rausmann, R. Schleichert, V. Serdyuk, HJ. Stein, H. Stroher, A. Taschner, Y. Valdau, C. Wilkin, A. Wronska
abstract
The differential and total cross sections for the dp -> He-3 eta reaction have been measured in a high precision high statistics COSY-ANKE experiment near threshold using a continuous beam energy ramp up to an excess energy Q of 11.3 MeV with essentially 100% acceptance. The kinematics allowed the mean value of Q to be determined to about 9 keV. Evidence is found for the effects of higher partial waves for Q greater than or similar to 4 MeV. The very rapid rise of the total cross section to its maximum value within 0.5 MeV of threshold implies a very large eta He-3 scattering length and hence the presence of a quasibound state extremely close to threshold.
Near threshold eta meson production in the dd -> He-4 eta reaction
A. Wronska, V. Hejny, C. Wilkin
abstract
Investigation of the dd -> He-4 eta reaction has been a part of the experimental programme at the ANKE facility of COSY-Julich. In a first stage measurements were made at two excess energies: 2.6 MeV, 7.7 MeV as well as one energy below threshold for physical background studies. The experimental technique and the results are presented. The total cross sections obtained link well with the existing data, though there is some ambiguity at the higher energies, where sonic earlier data were taken with a polarised beam. Measured angular distributions indicate the onset of higher partial waves at only 7.7 MeV above threshold.
Determination of deuteron beam polarizations at COSY
D. Chiladze, A. Kacharava, F. Rathmann, C. Wilkin, S. Barsov, J. Carbonell, S. Dymov, R. Engels, PD. Eversheim, O. Felden, R. Gebel, V. Glagolev, K. Grigoriev, D. Gusev, M. Hartmann, F. Hinterberger, V. Hejny, A. Khoukaz, I. Keshelashvili, HR. Koch, V. Komarov, P. Kulessa, A. Kulikov, A. Lehrach, B. Lorentz, G. Macharashvili, R. Maier, Y. Maeda, R. Menke, T. Mersmann, S. Merzliakov, M. Mikirtytchiants, S. Mikirtytchiants, A. Mussgiller, M. Nioradze, H. Ohm, D. Prasuhn, H. Rohdjess, R. Schleichert, H. Seyfarth, E. Steffens, HJ. Stein, H. Stroher, S. Trusov, K. Ulbrich, Y. Uzikov, A. Wronska, S. Yaschenko
abstract
The vector ( P-z) and tensor ( P-zz) polarizations of a deuteron beam have been measured using elastic deuteron-carbon scattering at 75.6 MeVand deuteron-proton scattering at 270 MeV. After acceleration to 1170 MeV inside the COSY storage ring, the polarizations of the deuterons were remeasured by studying the analyzing powers of a variety of nuclear reactions. For this purpose a hydrogen cluster target was employed at the ANKE magnetic spectrometer, which is situated at an internal target position in the ring. The overall precisions obtained were about 4% for both P-z and P-zz. Though all the measurements were consistent with the absence of depolarization during acceleration, only an upper limit of about 6% could be placed on such an effect.
Ryanodine receptor/calcium release channel PKA phosphorylation: A critical mediator of heart failure progression
XHT. Wehrens, SE. Lehnart, S. Reiken, JA. Vest, A. Wronska, AR. Marks
abstract
Defective regulation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2)/calcium release channel, required for excitation-contraction coupling in the heart, has been linked to cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. For example, diastolic calcium "leak" via RyR2 channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum has been identified as an important factor contributing to impaired contractility in heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias that cause sudden cardiac death. In patients with heart failure, chronic activation of the "fight or flight" stress response leads to protein kinase A (PKA) hyperphosphorylation of RyR2 at Ser-2808. PKA phosphorylation of RyR2 Ser-2808 reduces the binding affinity of the channel-stabilizing subunit calstabin2, resulting in leaky RyR2 channels. We developed RyR2S2808A mice to determine whether Ser-2808 is the functional PKA phosphorylation site on RyR2. Furthermore, mice in which the RyR2 channel cannot be PKA phosphorylated were relatively protected against the development of heart failure after myocardial infarction. Taken together, these data show that PKA phosphorylation of Ser-2808 on the RyR2 channel appears to be a critical mediator of progressive cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction.
Near-threshold eta-meson production in the dd -> He-4 eta reaction
A. Wronska, V. Hejny, C. Wilkin, S. Dymov, C. Hanhart, V. Komarov, HR. Koch, A. Kulikov, A. Magiera, T. Mersmann, S. Mikirtytchiants, H. Ohm, D. Prasuhn, R. Schleichert, H. Stein, H. Stroher
abstract
The dd -> He-4 eta reaction has been investigated near threshold using the ANKE facility at COSY-Julich. Both total and differential cross-sections have been measured at two excess energies, Q = 2.6 MeV and 7.7 MeV, with a subthreshold measurement being undertaken at Q = - 2.6 MeV to study the physical background. While consistent with isotropy at the lower energy, the angular distribution reveals a pronounced anisotropy at the higher one, indicating the presence of higher partial waves. Options for the decomposition into partial amplitudes and their consequences for the determination of the s-wave eta alpha scattering length are discussed.
Near threshold eta-meson production in the dd -> He-4 eta reaction
A. Wronska, V. Hejny
abstract
Investigation of the dd -> He-4 eta reaction has been a part of the experimental program at the ANKE facility of COSY-Julich. It comprises measurements at four excess energies: 2.3 MeV, 7.7 MeV, 22 MeV, 42.7 MeV as well as an energy below threshold for background study. The results obtained so far as well as the employed experimental technique are presented.
Isospin symmetry breaking as a tool for particle physics investigations
A. Magiera, S. Abdel-Bary, P. Hawranek, J. Ilieva, K. Kilian, D. Kirilov, S. Kistryn, S. Kliczewski, W. Klimala, D. Kolev, M. Kravcikova, T. Kutsarova, J. Lieb, H. Machner, G. Martinska, L. Pentchev, N. Piskunov, P. von Rossen, BJ. Roy, I. Sitnik, R. Siudak, J. Smyrski, R. Tsenov, M. Ulicny, J. Urban, A. Wronska
abstract
The importance of the isospin symmetry breaking in extracting various particle physics parameters is discussed. In particular the measurement of isospin symmetry breaking in the reaction pd --> (3)Hpi(+)/(3)Hepi(0) is presented. The energy dependence of the measured cross sections ratio indicate isospin symmetry breaking effects. Within a simple model based on pi(0) - eta meson mixing the mixing angle of these mesons is extracted.
pi(0)-eta meson mixing in pd -> H-3 pi(+)/He-3 pi(0) reactions
M. Abdel-Bary, P. Hawranek, J. Ilieva, K. Kilian, D. Kirilov, S. Kistryn, S. Kliczewski, W. Klimala, D. Kolev, M. Kravcikova, T. Kutsarova, J. Lieb, H. Machner, A. Magiera, G. Martinska, L. Pentchev, N. Piskunov, P. von Rossen, BJ. Roy, I. Sitnik, R. Siudak, J. Smyrski, R. Tsenov, M. Ulicny, J. Urban, A. Wronska
abstract
Beam momentum dependence of the experimental cross sections for pd-->(3)Hpi(+)/(3)Hepi(0) reactions have been studied at large proton-pion relative angle. The measurements were performed for five beam momenta in the region of the eta meson production threshold. Observed behavior of the measured cross sections ratio reveals manifestations of the isospin symmetry breaking effects. A simple model allows one to interpret the isospin symmetry breaking in terms of pi(0)-eta meson mixing. Based on that model analysis of the experimental results leads to the mixing angle value of 0.006+/-0.005 rad.
Isospin symmetry breaking: Experimental observation
J. Bojowald, A. Budzanowski, A. Chatterjee, J. Ernst, L. Freindl, D. Frekers, P. Hawranek, J. Ilieva, L. Jarczyk, V. Jha, K. Kilian, D. Kirillov, S. Kliczewski, W. Klimala, D. Kolev, M. Kravcikova, T. Kutsarova, J. Lieb, H. Machner, A. Magiera, G. Martinska, H. Nann, L. Pentchev, N. Piskunov, D. Protic, P. von Rossen, BJ. Roy, I. Sitnik, R. Siudak, A. Strzalkowski, R. Tsenov, M. Ulicny, J. Urban, A. Wronska
abstract
Experiments have been performed at COSY, Juelich to investigate isospin symmetry breaking effects in nuclear reactions by studying simultaneously the two reactions p + d --> H-3+pi(+) and P + d --> He-3+pi(0) at beam energies close to corresponding eta production threshold. The beam momentum dependence of the ratio of cross section of these two reactions would be indicative of isospin symmetry breaking, if any. The present measurement reports observation of isospin symmetry breaking effect. The results are presented.
Magnetic spectrometer Big Karl for studies of meson production reactions
J. Bojowald, A. Budzanowski, A. Chatterjee, J. Ernst, L. Freindl, D. Frekers, P. Hawranek, J. Ilieva, L. Jarczyk, K. Kilian, S. Kistryn, S. Kliczewski, W. Klimala, D. Kolev, M. Kravcikova, T. Kutsarova, J. Lieb, H. Machner, A. Magiera, G. Martinska, L. Pentchev, D. Protic, B. Razen, P. von Rossen, BJ. Roy, R. Siudak, J. Smyrski, A. Strzalkowski, R. Tsenov, M. Ulicny, J. Urban, A. Wronska
abstract
The paper describes modifications of the Julich magnetic spectrometer Big Karl needed to study meson production and especially to investigate charge symmetry breaking effects-an experiment that requires a high-precision measurement. New elements that have been added to Big Karl have extended the spectrometer capabilities to a much wider momentum range. The new features also facilitate simultaneous detection of particles with very different rigidities. The experimental methods for improving background and determining relative acceptance of the spectrometer at various rigidities are presented. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Development of a compact photon detector for ANKE at Cosy
V. Hejny, J. Bacelar, V. Chernyshev, M. Buscher, M. Hoek, HR. Koch, H. Lohner, H. Machner, A. Magiera, R. Novotny, K. Romer, H. Stroher, A. Wronska
abstract
Recent improvements in the performance of PbWO4, a high-density inorganic scintillator, offer the possibility to design very compact, large-acceptance electromagnetic calorimeters with excellent timing and good energy resolution, applicable also for photon energies below 1 Gev. Such a detection system is planned to be built for the internal magnetic spectrometer ANKE (Apparatus for Studies of Nucleon and Kaon Ejectiles) at the Cooler Synchrotron (Cosy) Julich. The limited space and stray magnetic fields of ANKE place severe boundary conditions, which have to be taken into account for detector layout and the choice of photo sensors. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Development of a compact photon detector for ANKE at COSY Julich
M. Buscher, V. Hejny, HR. Koch, H. Machner, H. Seyfarth, H. Stroher, M. Hoek, R. Novotny, K. Romer, J. Bacelar, H. Lohner, A. Magiera, A. Wronska, V. Chernychov
abstract
COSY Hilich is a race-track shaped synchrotron which accelerates and cools beams of protons (both polarized and unpolarized) and deuterons with momenta up to 3.6 GeV/c. Those beams are delivered to internal and external target positions for hadron physics experiments. Since magnetic and time-of-flight detectors based on organic scintillators are used in the experimental setups, all measurements are essentially "photon blind". Recent improvements in the performance of high-density inorganic scintillators offer the possibility to design very compact large-acceptance electromagnetic calorimeters with excellent timing and good energy resolution, applicable also for photon energies below 1 GeV. Such a detection system, based on PbWO4, is planned to be built for the internal magnetic spectrometer ANKE at COSY Julich. The limited space and stray magnetic fields of ANKE place severe boundary conditions, which have to be taken into account for detector layout and the choice of photo sensors.
